Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific American Supplement, No. 286, June 25, 1881 / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 286, June 25, 1881 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

187,334 braille cells · 199 embossed pages at 40×25 · 433 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠠⠎⠕⠉⠊⠑⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠉⠊⠧⠊⠇⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠎⠏⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠁⠀⠙⠁⠽⠀⠕⠗⠀⠎⠕⠀⠊⠝⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠥⠎⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠀
⠍⠕⠙⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠽⠕⠥⠝⠛⠀⠍⠑⠝⠀⠎⠕⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠊⠞
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠏⠗⠕⠋⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀
⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠕⠏⠑⠝⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠥⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝
⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠗⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠛⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠺⠑⠀⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠇⠁⠽⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠕⠥⠗⠀⠎⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠺⠑⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠽⠕⠥⠝⠛⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀
⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠺⠁⠇⠅⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠇⠁⠺⠽⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠊⠁⠝⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀
⠍⠊⠝⠊⠎⠞⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠝⠽⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠋⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠑⠗⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠇⠕⠕⠅⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁
⠀⠇⠕⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠁⠎⠞⠑⠂⠀⠁⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇
⠀⠎⠉⠁⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠙⠂⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠕⠇⠙⠀
⠥⠏⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠓⠑⠁⠙⠎⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠙⠕⠆⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠎⠏⠑⠗⠊⠞⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠤⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠁⠞⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠏⠑⠗⠓⠁⠏⠎⠂⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀
⠑⠋⠋⠕⠗⠞⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀
⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠁⠎⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠑⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠁⠞⠕⠗⠂⠀
⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠑⠙⠑⠙⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠋⠊⠞⠀⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠺⠊⠝⠛⠑⠙⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠝⠛⠁⠛⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.