Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / The origin and development of the atomic theory / Braille

The origin and development of the atomic theory ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

77,151 braille cells · 82 embossed pages at 40×25 · 172 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠍⠕⠝⠁⠙⠎⠀⠀⠶⠁⠞⠕⠍⠎⠶⠀⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠕⠗⠏⠕⠗⠑⠁⠇⠲⠀
⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠀
⠁⠥⠞⠓⠕⠗⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠊⠝⠛⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠊⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠏⠽⠞⠓⠁⠛⠕⠗⠑⠁⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀
⠠⠑⠉⠏⠓⠁⠝⠞⠥⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠙⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠉⠓⠕⠕⠇⠂⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠊⠝⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠇⠀⠁⠞⠕⠍⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠊⠞⠥⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠠⠏⠽⠞⠓⠁⠛⠕⠗⠑⠁⠝⠀
⠦⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠂⠴⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠁⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠂
⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠠⠵⠑⠇⠇⠑⠗⠂⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠙⠑⠗⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠏⠥⠞⠑⠙⠀⠍⠁⠎⠞⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠥⠝⠇⠊⠅⠑
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠎⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠇⠑⠥⠉⠊⠏⠏⠥⠎⠂⠀
⠠⠑⠉⠏⠓⠁⠝⠞⠥⠎⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠧⠑⠙⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠠⠁⠝⠁⠭⠁⠛⠕⠗⠁⠎⠀
⠶⠼⠑⠚⠚⠤⠙⠃⠓⠀⠠⠃⠲⠀⠠⠉⠲⠶⠂⠀⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠞⠕⠍⠎⠀⠶⠕⠗⠀⠍⠕⠝⠁⠙⠎⠶⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠑⠂⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠊⠝⠙⠀⠕⠗⠀⠎⠕⠥⠇⠲⠀⠠⠁⠞⠕⠍⠎⠂⠀
⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠠⠑⠉⠏⠓⠁⠝⠞⠥⠎⠂⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠊⠵⠑⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠁⠉⠉⠑⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠀
⠞⠗⠥⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠋⠋⠊⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠏⠽⠞⠓⠁⠛⠕⠗⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠎⠏⠓⠑⠗⠑⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠀⠅⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠗⠕⠞⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠭⠊⠎⠀
⠶⠠⠎⠉⠓⠊⠁⠏⠁⠗⠑⠇⠇⠊⠂⠀⠦⠠⠊⠀⠠⠏⠗⠑⠉⠥⠗⠎⠕⠗⠊⠀⠀⠙⠊⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.