Library / Earth / Yleinen Maatiede / Braille
Yleinen Maatiede ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
162,986 braille cells · 178 embossed pages at 40×25 · 8,763 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠞⠁⠧⠕⠊⠝⠀⠎⠊⠞⠀⠏⠁⠊⠅⠅⠁⠁⠂⠀⠀⠚⠕⠎⠎⠁⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠀⠁⠎⠥⠍⠍⠑⠂⠀ ⠝⠊⠊⠝⠀⠝⠑⠍⠍⠑⠂⠀⠍⠊⠞⠑⠝⠀⠎⠊⠇⠇⠑⠀⠏⠁⠊⠅⠁⠇⠇⠑⠀⠁⠥⠗⠊⠝⠅⠕ ⠀⠝⠕⠥⠎⠑⠑⠀⠚⠁⠀⠀⠇⠁⠎⠅⠑⠥⠞⠥⠥⠂⠀⠎⠽⠝⠝⠽⠞⠞⠑⠝⠀⠏⠊⠧⠝⠀⠚⠁ ⠀⠽⠝⠂⠀⠚⠕⠞⠁⠀⠧⠥⠕⠗⠕⠅⠁⠥⠙⠑⠅⠎⠊⠀⠎⠁⠝⠕⠞⠁⠁⠝⠲⠀⠠⠍⠥⠞⠞⠁ ⠀⠀⠚⠕⠎⠀⠍⠑⠗⠅⠊⠝⠀⠏⠁⠝⠑⠍⠍⠑⠀⠅⠑⠗⠝⠀⠅⠕⠧⠊⠝⠀⠽⠇⠎⠂⠀ ⠇⠊⠅⠊⠀⠏⠕⠓⠚⠕⠊⠎⠝⠁⠏⠁⠁⠂⠀⠝⠊⠊⠝⠀⠅⠽⠝⠞⠞⠊⠇⠝⠀⠀⠧⠁⠇⠕⠀ ⠑⠊⠀⠞⠁⠏⠁⠁⠅⠁⠁⠝⠀⠎⠊⠞⠀⠏⠁⠊⠅⠅⠁⠁⠂⠀⠧⠁⠊⠅⠅⠁⠀⠅⠑⠗⠀ ⠅⠥⠊⠝⠅⠁⠅⠊⠝⠀⠏⠽⠗⠊⠞⠑⠞⠝⠀⠀⠁⠅⠎⠑⠇⠊⠝⠎⠁⠀⠽⠍⠏⠗⠊⠲⠀ ⠠⠎⠊⠇⠇⠀⠅⠕⠓⠙⠁⠇⠇⠁⠀⠍⠁⠁⠞⠁⠀⠑⠊⠀⠎⠊⠊⠎⠀⠕⠇⠑⠅⠁⠁⠝⠀⠝⠽⠞ ⠀⠁⠥⠗⠊⠝⠛⠕⠝⠀⠀⠝⠕⠥⠎⠥⠁⠂⠀⠑⠊⠀⠏⠊⠧⠀⠑⠊⠅⠀⠧⠁⠇⠕⠁⠲⠀ ⠠⠝⠊⠊⠝⠀⠎⠑⠀⠠⠎⠥⠕⠍⠑⠝⠀⠏⠕⠓⠚⠕⠊⠎⠊⠍⠍⠁⠎⠎⠁⠀⠞⠊⠑⠝⠕⠎⠎⠁ ⠀⠀⠑⠇⠊⠀⠠⠇⠁⠏⠊⠎⠎⠁⠀⠞⠁⠇⠧⠑⠇⠇⠁⠀⠞⠕⠙⠑⠇⠇⠁⠀⠕⠝⠅⠊⠝⠲⠀ ⠠⠅⠑⠗⠝⠀⠽⠇⠊⠎⠊⠍⠍⠞⠀⠞⠊⠑⠝⠕⠞⠀⠅⠥⠧⠁⠊⠇⠑⠧⠁⠞⠀⠀⠎⠊⠊⠎⠀ ⠠⠇⠁⠏⠊⠝⠀⠎⠑⠥⠞⠥⠚⠁⠂⠀⠚⠕⠊⠇⠇⠁⠀⠎⠊⠇⠇⠕⠊⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠁⠇⠧⠊⠀ ⠚⠁⠀⠧⠊⠊⠅⠅⠕⠍⠗⠊⠀⠅⠑⠎⠞⠧⠀⠀⠏⠊⠍⠑⠽⠞⠞⠂⠀⠎⠊⠇⠇⠀ ⠁⠥⠗⠊⠝⠅⠕⠀⠑⠊⠀⠝⠕⠥⠎⠑⠀⠝⠊⠞⠀⠎⠑⠥⠞⠥⠚⠁⠀ ⠧⠁⠇⠁⠊⠎⠑⠍⠁⠁⠝⠲⠀⠠⠅⠑⠗⠝⠀⠀⠏⠽⠗⠊⠑⠎⠎⠀⠝⠑⠍⠍⠑⠀ ⠅⠽⠝⠞⠞⠊⠇⠝⠀⠧⠁⠇⠕⠝⠀⠽⠇⠊⠍⠁⠞⠅⠁⠁⠝⠀⠧⠁⠇⠁⠊⠎⠑⠧⠁⠝⠀ ⠅⠥⠞⠁⠅⠊⠝⠀⠏⠁⠊⠅⠅⠁⠁⠀⠀⠅⠑⠗⠝⠀⠽⠇⠁⠏⠥⠕⠇⠑⠇⠇⠁⠀ ⠇⠽⠓⠑⠍⠍⠝⠀⠁⠚⠁⠝⠂⠀⠅⠥⠊⠝⠀⠎⠑⠥⠞⠥⠚⠁⠀⠅⠑⠗⠝⠀ ⠁⠇⠁⠤⠏⠥⠕⠇⠑⠇⠇⠁⠲⠀⠀⠠⠍⠑⠂⠀⠚⠕⠞⠅⠁⠀⠍⠁⠁⠝⠀ ⠏⠕⠃⠚⠕⠊⠎⠏⠥⠕⠇⠊⠎⠅⠕⠇⠇⠁⠀⠁⠎⠥⠍⠍⠑⠂⠀⠞⠥⠝⠝⠑⠍⠍⠑⠀⠝⠽⠞⠀ ⠏⠊⠞⠅⠊⠑⠝⠀⠚⠁⠀⠀⠅⠽⠇⠍⠊⠑⠝⠀⠊⠙⠑⠝⠀⠧⠁⠊⠅⠥⠞⠥⠅⠎⠑⠞⠀⠚⠁⠀ ⠝⠊⠍⠊⠞⠍⠍⠑⠀⠞⠞⠀⠧⠥⠕⠙⠑⠝⠀⠁⠊⠅⠁⠁⠀⠞⠁⠇⠧⠑⠅⠎⠊⠲⠀⠀ ⠠⠚⠕⠥⠇⠥⠅⠥⠥⠝⠀⠼⠃⠃⠀⠏⠊⠧⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠍⠀⠅⠁⠇⠇⠑⠇⠇⠁⠁⠝⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.