Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / A century of science in America / Braille

A century of science in America ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

887,047 braille cells · 925 embossed pages at 40×25 · 9,205 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠕⠗⠊⠛⠔⠁⠇⠀⠀⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠶⠀⠑⠧⠻⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠝⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠝⠑⠫⠫⠀⠁⠙⠧⠊⠉⠑⠂⠀⠃⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠊⠩⠀
⠃⠗⠊⠑⠋⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠝⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠁⠃⠌⠗⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠏⠁⠏⠻⠎⠀⠯
⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀⠗⠑⠧⠊⠑⠺⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠀⠕⠮⠗⠺⠊⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠊⠙⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠐⠺⠲
⠀⠠⠧⠻⠗⠊⠇⠇⠀⠏⠜⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠜⠇⠽⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠊⠩⠫⠀⠮⠀⠠⠚⠳⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠀⠁
⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠇⠊⠌⠀⠷⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠔⠁⠇⠀⠯⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠏⠁⠏⠻⠎⠂⠀
⠡⠊⠑⠋⠇⠽⠀⠔⠀⠎⠽⠌⠑⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠀⠀⠵⠕⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽⠂⠀⠑⠭⠞⠢⠙⠬⠀⠋⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠋⠑⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠌⠀⠙⠪⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠀⠽⠑⠜⠲⠀⠠⠦⠀⠀
⠁⠃⠌⠗⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠯⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀⠝⠕⠞⠊⠉⠑⠎⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠶⠀⠝⠥⠍⠻⠳⠎⠀⠯⠀
⠞⠗⠢⠡⠁⠝⠞⠀⠯⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠝⠀⠞⠕⠕⠀⠍⠥⠡⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠞⠀⠾⠳⠞⠀
⠓⠊⠍⠀⠮⠀⠠⠚⠳⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠝⠑⠧⠻⠀⠉⠳⠇⠙⠀⠓⠀⠋⠊⠇⠇⠫⠀⠀⠮⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑
⠀⠔⠀⠵⠕⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠭⠀⠎⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠓⠑⠇⠙⠲⠀⠠⠍⠥⠡⠀⠇⠁⠞⠻⠀
⠮⠀⠇⠊⠌⠀⠷⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠀⠠⠓⠁⠧⠢⠀⠍⠢⠀⠴⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀
⠁⠙⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠠⠓⠢⠗⠽⠀⠠⠎⠲⠀⠠⠺⠊⠇⠇⠊⠁⠍⠎⠀⠶⠼⠁⠓⠊⠙⠶⠂⠀
⠯⠀⠀⠠⠕⠲⠀⠠⠉⠲⠀⠠⠍⠜⠩⠀⠶⠼⠁⠓⠊⠑⠶⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠺⠕⠇⠉⠕⠞⠞⠀⠠⠛⠊⠃⠃⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠧⠁⠇⠥⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠐⠺⠀⠷⠀⠘⠹⠀⠍⠀⠕⠗⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠇⠽⠀
⠁⠎⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠞⠫⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠚⠳⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠀⠐⠞⠂⠀⠭⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠗⠕⠏⠗⠊⠁⠞⠑⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠎⠏⠑⠁⠅⠀⠔⠀⠙⠑⠞⠁⠊⠇⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠞⠀
⠮⠀⠎⠻⠧⠊⠉⠑⠎⠀⠗⠢⠙⠻⠫⠀⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠇⠽⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠍⠀⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀
⠊⠝⠧⠁⠇⠥⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠞⠕⠀⠸⠮⠀⠁⠊⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠙⠥⠑⠀⠁⠀⠇⠜⠛⠑⠀⠀
⠐⠏⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠚⠳⠗⠝⠁⠇⠂⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠎⠔⠉⠑⠀⠮⠀⠠⠋⠳⠗⠹⠀⠠⠎⠻⠊⠑⠎⠀⠀⠃⠑⠛⠁⠝⠀⠔⠀⠼⠁⠓⠊⠋⠲⠀⠠⠃⠀
⠑⠧⠢⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠁⠙⠑⠟⠥⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.