Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / A century of science in America / Braille

A century of science in America ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

1,051,419 braille cells · 1,107 embossed pages at 40×25 · 9,205 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠗⠑⠇⠊⠑⠋⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠺⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠭⠉⠑⠇⠇⠑⠝⠉⠊⠑⠎⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠓⠁⠙⠕⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠕⠞⠁⠇⠀⠑⠉⠇⠊⠏⠎⠑⠲⠀⠠⠍⠊⠝⠙⠎
⠀⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠝⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠝⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠍⠊⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀
⠧⠊⠑⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠗⠑⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠑⠟⠥⠊⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠧⠑⠗⠙⠊⠉⠞⠆⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠝⠕⠝⠀⠑⠛⠕⠀⠏⠁⠥⠉⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠋⠑⠝⠙⠁⠗⠀⠍⠁⠉⠥⠇⠊⠎⠂⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠏⠗⠑⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠠⠚⠕⠥⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠋⠁⠥⠇⠞⠇⠑⠎⠎⠆⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠝⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠍⠊⠞⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠙⠕⠥⠃⠞⠑⠙
⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀
⠑⠋⠋⠕⠗⠞⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠎⠥⠊⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠏⠑⠉⠥⠝⠊⠁⠗⠽⠀⠗⠑⠺⠁⠗⠙⠂
⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠁⠙⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠏⠥⠗⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠗⠙⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠗⠊⠉⠓⠝⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀
⠗⠑⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠗⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠙⠊⠞⠕⠗⠂⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠝⠕⠺⠂⠀⠕⠋⠋⠑⠗⠎⠀
⠏⠁⠽⠍⠑⠝⠞⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠁⠞⠑⠀⠁⠙⠕⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠇⠊⠞⠑⠗⠁⠗⠽⠀⠠⠚⠕⠥⠗⠝⠁⠇⠎⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠍⠥⠝⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽
⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠂⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠎⠞⠊⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇
⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠎⠑⠋⠥⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠗⠝⠁⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇
⠀⠠⠁⠗⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠁⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠏⠽⠂⠀⠊⠞

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.