Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / A century of science in America / Braille

A century of science in America ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

1,051,419 braille cells · 1,107 embossed pages at 40×25 · 9,205 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠧⠕⠇⠥⠍⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠙⠊⠞⠕⠗⠀⠺⠁⠎
⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀
⠎⠊⠞⠥⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠥⠏⠀⠞⠕⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠊⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠑⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀
⠶⠙⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠠⠚⠥⠇⠽⠀⠼⠁⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠊⠶⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀
⠟⠥⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠝⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠂⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠋⠁⠊⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑
⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠗⠄⠎⠀⠍⠊⠝⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠑⠺⠕⠗⠞⠓⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠽⠀⠙⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠁⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠊⠧⠊⠇⠑⠛⠑⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠀⠃⠑⠽⠕⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠙⠊⠞⠕⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠕⠤⠙⠁⠽⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠠⠚⠕⠥⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠏⠗⠕⠚⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠂
⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠧⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠑⠙⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠠⠙⠗⠲⠀
⠠⠙⠕⠗⠎⠑⠽⠀⠺⠗⠕⠞⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠙⠊⠞⠕⠗⠆⠀⠦⠠⠊⠀⠏⠗⠑⠙⠊⠉⠞
⠀⠁⠀⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠽⠕⠥⠂⠀⠁⠇⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠠⠊⠀
⠺⠊⠎⠓⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠏⠁⠝⠊⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠎⠁⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀
⠍⠁⠽⠀⠇⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠎⠁⠝⠙⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠲⠴⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅
⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠇⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠎⠁⠝⠙⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠊⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠎⠥⠗⠧⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠓⠥⠝⠙⠗⠑⠙⠞⠓⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠂⠀⠝⠕⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠓⠽⠀⠊⠞⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠊⠝⠥⠑⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠑⠭⠊⠎⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠕⠗⠎⠂⠀⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.