Library / Engineering & Technology / Computers—the machines we think with / Braille
Computers—the machines we think with ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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504,599 braille cells · 535 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,164 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠥⠞⠑⠗⠎⠤⠤⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠠⠠⠺⠑⠀ ⠠⠠⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠀⠠⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤ ⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠤⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠁⠒⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠏⠥⠞⠑⠗⠎⠤⠤⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠺⠑⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠀⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀ ⠗⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠑⠝⠞⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠝⠊⠉⠀ ⠉⠕⠍⠏⠥⠞⠑⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠕⠗⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠼⠉⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠊⠕⠝⠀ ⠍⠁⠞⠓⠑⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠕⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠖⠀⠠⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠽⠕⠥⠀ ⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠁⠛⠑⠂⠀⠀⠁⠝⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠥⠞⠑⠗⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀ ⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠇⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠎⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀ ⠋⠕⠗⠑⠊⠛⠝⠀⠀⠇⠁⠝⠛⠥⠁⠛⠑⠲⠀⠠⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠗⠕⠝⠊⠉⠀⠦⠃⠗⠁⠊⠝⠎⠴⠀ ⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠉⠓⠕⠗⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠉⠁⠇⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀ ⠁⠥⠞⠕⠍⠕⠃⠊⠇⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠋⠑⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠵⠑⠗⠕⠀⠓⠕⠥⠗⠀⠋⠕⠗ ⠀⠀⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠀⠍⠊⠎⠎⠊⠇⠑⠀⠇⠁⠥⠝⠉⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠙⠑⠎⠏⠊⠞⠑⠀ ⠃⠊⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠑⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠝⠞⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠥⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠙⠗⠑⠺⠀⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀ ⠼⠙⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠙⠑⠇⠑⠛⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠺⠁⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠞⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠙⠲⠠⠉⠲⠆ ⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠎⠉⠕⠏⠑⠀⠕⠋ ⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠎⠞⠗⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠼⠁⠊⠋⠃⠀⠙⠕⠍⠑⠎⠞⠊⠉⠀ ⠍⠁⠗⠅⠑⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠥⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠁⠎⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀ ⠑⠟⠥⠊⠏⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠎⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠞⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠼⠉⠀ ⠃⠊⠇⠇⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠼⠁⠑⠚⠂⠚⠚⠚⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.