Library / Engineering & Technology / Origin of modern calculating machines / Braille
Origin of modern calculating machines ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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236,017 braille cells · 247 embossed pages at 40×25 · 913 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠠⠃⠕⠕⠅⠅⠑⠑⠏⠊⠝⠛⠀⠠⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠁⠛⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠝⠁⠏⠊⠑⠗⠄⠎⠀⠠⠃⠕⠝⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠁⠛⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠠⠙⠗⠁⠺⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠃⠁⠗⠃⠕⠥⠗⠀ ⠠⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠠⠝⠕⠲⠀⠼⠁⠉⠚⠂⠙⠚⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠁⠓⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠏⠓⠕⠞⠕⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠚⠕⠓⠝⠀⠠⠝⠁⠏⠊⠑⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠁⠓⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠠⠙⠗⠁⠺⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠃⠕⠇⠇⠑⠑⠀ ⠠⠏⠁⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠠⠝⠕⠲⠀⠼⠑⠑⠋⠂⠛⠃⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠁⠓⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠍⠕⠙⠑⠗⠝⠀⠠⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠠⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠀⠦⠁⠙⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠴ ⠀⠕⠗⠀⠦⠉⠁⠇⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠴⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠥⠎⠀ ⠗⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠝⠅⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠧⠑⠗⠁⠛⠑⠀⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀ ⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠊⠁⠗⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠀⠝⠕⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠏⠥⠞⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞ ⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠧⠁⠛⠥⠑⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠀⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠕⠇⠙⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀ ⠧⠁⠇⠥⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀ ⠗⠑⠉⠕⠗⠙⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠝⠄⠞⠀⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠺⠓⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠀ ⠓⠁⠎⠝⠄⠞⠀⠎⠞⠕⠏⠏⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠽⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀ ⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠝⠅⠀⠙⠕⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠁⠝⠽⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠝⠅⠀⠥⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠊⠝⠙⠂⠀ ⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠂⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠂⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠙⠕⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞ ⠀⠞⠽⠏⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀ ⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠊⠁⠗⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠥⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠀
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