Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / The Origin of Thought and Speech / Braille

The Origin of Thought and Speech ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

589,051 braille cells · 623 embossed pages at 40×25 · 915 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠃⠗⠑⠁⠞⠓⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠗⠑⠁⠞⠕⠗⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠀⠕⠗⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠕⠝⠑⠲⠴⠼⠁⠋⠀⠦⠠⠍⠁⠝⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠑⠭⠉⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠙⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛
⠀⠀⠗⠊⠎⠑⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀
⠑⠭⠑⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠎⠥⠍⠍⠊⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀
⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠉⠀⠎⠉⠁⠇⠑⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀⠗⠊⠎⠑⠝⠂⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠑⠁⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀
⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠁⠃⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠂⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑
⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠓⠕⠏⠑⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠁⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠗⠀⠀⠙⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠽⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠋⠥⠞⠥⠗⠑⠲⠴⠼⠁⠛⠀⠦⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠥⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠕⠏⠑⠝⠀⠋⠊⠑⠇⠙⠎⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠗⠑⠎⠑⠁⠗⠉⠓⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠏⠎⠽⠉⠓⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠎⠑⠉⠥⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠃⠁⠎⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠀⠝⠑⠺⠇⠽⠀⠇⠁⠊⠙⠀⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀
⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠆⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀
⠁⠉⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠀⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠉⠁⠏⠁⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠃⠽⠀⠛⠗⠁⠙⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠺⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠲⠴⠼⠁⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠀⠑⠇⠎⠑⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠒⠀⠦⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠠⠍⠁⠉⠅⠊⠝⠞⠕⠎⠓⠀⠗⠑⠍⠁⠗⠅⠎⠂⠀⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠋⠥⠇⠀
⠎⠥⠏⠗⠑⠍⠁⠉⠽⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠥⠍⠍⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠎⠓⠕⠗⠞⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠍⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠀⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠂⠴⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠠⠙⠁⠗⠺⠊⠝⠀⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠑⠙⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠟⠥⠕⠞⠑⠀⠠⠅⠁⠝⠞⠄⠎⠀
⠁⠏⠕⠎⠞⠗⠕⠏⠓⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠎⠒⠀⠦⠠⠙⠥⠞⠽⠖⠀⠺⠕⠝⠙⠗⠕⠥⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.