Library / Philosophy / The Origin of Thought and Speech / Braille
The Origin of Thought and Speech ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
589,051 braille cells · 623 embossed pages at 40×25 · 915 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠝⠁⠊⠇⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠙⠛⠑⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠁⠗⠗⠕⠺⠎⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀ ⠇⠁⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠙⠊⠎⠑⠝⠞⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠙⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀ ⠎⠥⠙⠙⠑⠝⠇⠽⠀⠋⠇⠁⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠗⠎⠀ ⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀ ⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠇⠁⠝⠛⠥⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠀⠓⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠞⠕⠀⠓⠑⠇⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠟⠥⠊⠞⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀ ⠎⠥⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠆⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠀⠥⠝⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀ ⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠇⠁⠊⠍⠑⠙⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀ ⠏⠗⠕⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠲⠀ ⠠⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠎⠞⠎⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀ ⠑⠁⠛⠑⠗⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠏⠁⠞⠓⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠇⠕⠕⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠃⠁⠉⠅⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀ ⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠽⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠀⠀ ⠛⠗⠕⠥⠏⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠑⠍⠑⠞⠊⠉⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠽⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠁⠗⠽⠁⠝⠀ ⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠽⠤⠤⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀ ⠠⠊⠝⠙⠕⠤⠠⠛⠑⠗⠍⠁⠝⠊⠉⠤⠤⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠞⠥⠗⠁⠝⠊⠁⠝⠀ ⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠕⠗⠞⠓⠑⠗⠝⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠀ ⠓⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠀⠠⠥⠗⠁⠇⠤⠠⠁⠇⠞⠁⠊⠉⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠀ ⠕⠉⠉⠁⠎⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠀⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠀ ⠁⠙⠧⠊⠎⠑⠙⠇⠽⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠉⠀⠞⠗⠁⠊⠞⠎⠀ ⠓⠁⠗⠙⠇⠽⠀⠍⠑⠗⠊⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠁⠝⠅⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀ ⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠎⠏⠑⠑⠉⠓⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀ ⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠍⠁⠗⠅⠑⠙⠀⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀ ⠛⠗⠕⠥⠏⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠁⠍⠊⠇⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠉⠕⠗⠗⠑⠎⠏⠕⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.