Skip to content

Library / Engineering & Technology / A short history of the printing press and of the improvements in printing machinery from the time of Gutenberg up to the present day / Braille

A short history of the printing press and of the improvements in printing machinery from the time of Gutenberg up to the present day ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

77,114 braille cells · 81 embossed pages at 40×25 · 131 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠋⠁⠉⠊⠇⠊⠞⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠗⠁⠊⠎⠫⠀⠾⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠻⠀⠑⠁⠎⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠍⠗⠲⠀⠠⠉⠇⠽⠍⠻⠀⠀⠉⠜⠗⠊⠫⠀⠦⠀⠊⠝⠧⠢⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠯⠂
⠀⠱⠻⠑⠀⠭⠀⠴⠀⠊⠝⠞⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠐⠎⠀⠀⠑⠭⠞⠢⠞⠀⠯⠀⠴⠀⠅⠝⠪⠝
⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀⠦⠠⠉⠕⠇⠥⠍⠃⠊⠁⠝⠴⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠠⠠⠏⠑⠞⠻⠀⠠⠠⠎⠍⠊⠹⠀⠠⠠⠓⠯⠀⠠⠠⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠔⠀⠠⠑⠝⠛⠇⠯⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠶⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠓⠯⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑
⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠗⠥⠮⠧⠢⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠃⠗⠪⠝⠀⠀⠯⠀⠃⠽⠀⠕⠮⠗⠎⠂⠀⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠍⠀
⠕⠗⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠘⠥⠀⠮⠀⠠⠌⠁⠝⠓⠕⠏⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠔⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠃⠀⠠⠏⠑⠞⠻⠀⠠⠎⠍⠊⠹⠂⠀⠁⠝⠀⠠⠁⠍⠻⠊⠉⠁⠝⠂⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠫⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠋⠊⠗⠍⠀⠷⠀⠠⠗⠲⠀⠠⠓⠕⠑⠀⠀⠀⠠⠉⠕⠲⠀⠔⠀
⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀⠙⠑⠧⠊⠎⠫⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠡⠔⠑⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠴⠀⠔⠀⠸⠍⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠀⠎⠥⠏⠻⠊⠕⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠥⠏⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠀⠐⠞⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀
⠋⠗⠁⠍⠑⠀⠴⠀⠷⠀⠉⠁⠌⠤⠊⠗⠕⠝⠂⠀⠯⠀⠔⠀⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠎⠉⠗⠑⠺
⠀⠾⠀⠇⠑⠧⠻⠎⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠃⠌⠊⠞⠥⠞⠫⠀⠁⠀⠞⠕⠛⠛⠇⠑⠀⠚⠕⠔⠞⠂⠀⠁⠞
⠀⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠯⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠔⠀⠼⠁⠓⠃⠛⠂⠀
⠓⠪⠑⠧⠻⠂⠀⠠⠎⠁⠍⠥⠑⠇⠀⠠⠗⠥⠌⠀⠷⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠂⠀
⠏⠻⠋⠑⠉⠞⠫⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠧⠢⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠴⠀⠁⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠠⠎⠍⠊⠹⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠋⠗⠁⠍⠑⠂⠀
⠊⠝⠌⠑⠁⠙⠀⠀⠷⠀⠃⠑⠬⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠷⠀⠉⠁⠌⠤⠊⠗⠕⠝⠂⠀⠸⠓⠀⠮⠀
⠥⠏⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠓⠕⠇⠇⠪⠫⠀⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀
⠁⠙⠍⠊⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠺⠗⠳⠛⠓⠞⠤⠊⠗⠕⠝⠀⠃⠜⠎⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠶⠀
⠎⠑⠉⠥⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠀⠗⠊⠧⠑⠞⠫⠀⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠞⠕⠏⠀⠯⠀⠃⠕⠞⠞⠕⠍⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀
⠉⠁⠌⠬⠲⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠛⠁⠧⠑⠀⠝⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠀⠁⠙⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠌⠗⠢⠛⠹⠂⠀⠃⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠇⠽⠀⠙⠊⠍⠔⠊⠩⠫⠀⠮⠀⠁⠍⠳⠝⠞⠀⠷⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇
⠀⠥⠎⠫⠀⠀⠔⠀⠉⠕⠝⠌⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠹⠊⠎⠀⠏⠁⠞⠢⠞⠀⠴⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.