Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / Kritik der reinen Vernunft / Braille

Kritik der reinen Vernunft ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

1,264,504 braille cells · 1,364 embossed pages at 40×25 · 17,381 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠃⠑⠙⠊⠝⠛⠥⠝⠛⠑⠝⠀⠙⠑⠗⠀⠎⠊⠝⠝⠇⠊⠉⠓⠑⠝⠀⠀⠠⠁⠝⠎⠉⠓⠁⠥⠥⠝⠛
⠀⠁⠃⠎⠞⠗⠁⠓⠊⠑⠗⠞⠂⠀⠛⠁⠗⠀⠝⠊⠉⠓⠞⠎⠀⠊⠎⠞⠂⠀⠥⠝⠙⠀⠙⠑⠝⠀
⠠⠛⠑⠛⠑⠝⠎⠞⠝⠙⠑⠝⠀⠁⠝⠀⠀⠎⠊⠉⠓⠀⠎⠑⠇⠃⠎⠞⠀⠶⠕⠓⠝⠑⠀⠊⠓⠗⠀
⠠⠧⠑⠗⠓⠇⠞⠝⠊⠎⠀⠁⠥⠋⠀⠥⠝⠎⠑⠗⠑⠀⠠⠁⠝⠎⠉⠓⠁⠥⠥⠝⠛⠂⠶⠀
⠺⠑⠙⠑⠗⠀⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠊⠎⠞⠊⠑⠗⠑⠝⠙⠀⠝⠕⠉⠓⠀⠊⠝⠓⠗⠊⠑⠗⠑⠝⠙⠀
⠃⠑⠊⠛⠑⠵⠓⠇⠞⠀⠺⠑⠗⠙⠑⠝⠀⠅⠁⠝⠝⠲⠀⠠⠙⠕⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠞⠀⠙⠊⠑⠎⠑⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠙⠑⠁⠇⠊⠞⠞⠂⠀⠑⠃⠑⠝⠎⠕⠺⠑⠝⠊⠛⠀⠺⠊⠑⠀⠙⠊⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠀
⠠⠗⠁⠥⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀⠍⠊⠞⠀⠙⠑⠝⠀⠠⠎⠥⠃⠗⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠑⠝⠀⠙⠑⠗⠀⠀
⠠⠑⠍⠏⠋⠊⠝⠙⠥⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠧⠑⠗⠛⠇⠑⠊⠉⠓⠥⠝⠛⠀⠵⠥⠀⠎⠞⠑⠇⠇⠑⠝⠂
⠀⠺⠑⠊⠇⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠙⠕⠉⠓⠀⠙⠁⠃⠑⠊⠀⠧⠕⠝⠀⠙⠑⠗⠀⠀
⠠⠑⠗⠎⠉⠓⠑⠊⠝⠥⠝⠛⠀⠎⠑⠇⠃⠎⠞⠂⠀⠙⠑⠗⠀⠙⠊⠑⠎⠑⠀⠠⠏⠗⠙⠊⠅⠁⠞⠑
⠀⠊⠝⠓⠗⠊⠑⠗⠑⠝⠂⠀⠧⠕⠗⠁⠥⠎⠎⠑⠞⠵⠞⠂⠀⠀⠙⠁⠀⠎⠊⠑⠀
⠕⠃⠚⠑⠅⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠠⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠞⠞⠀⠓⠁⠃⠑⠂⠀⠙⠊⠑⠀⠓⠊⠑⠗⠀
⠛⠝⠵⠇⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠑⠛⠋⠇⠇⠞⠂⠀⠁⠥⠑⠗⠂⠀⠀⠎⠕⠋⠑⠗⠝⠀⠎⠊⠑⠀⠃⠇⠕⠀
⠑⠍⠏⠊⠗⠊⠎⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠞⠂⠀⠙⠲⠊⠲⠀⠙⠑⠝⠀⠠⠛⠑⠛⠑⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠎⠑⠇⠃⠎⠞⠀⠃⠇⠕⠀⠁⠇⠎⠀⠀⠠⠑⠗⠎⠉⠓⠑⠊⠝⠥⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠎⠊⠑⠓⠞⠒⠀
⠺⠕⠧⠕⠝⠀⠙⠊⠑⠀⠕⠃⠊⠛⠑⠀⠠⠁⠝⠍⠑⠗⠅⠥⠝⠛⠀⠙⠑⠎⠀⠑⠗⠎⠞⠑⠗⠑⠝⠀
⠠⠁⠃⠎⠉⠓⠝⠊⠞⠞⠎⠀⠀⠝⠁⠉⠓⠵⠥⠎⠑⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠎⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠑⠗⠇⠥⠞⠑⠗⠥⠝⠛⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠊⠙⠑⠗⠀⠙⠊⠑⠎⠑⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠊⠑⠂⠀
⠺⠑⠇⠉⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠗⠀⠠⠵⠑⠊⠞⠀⠑⠍⠏⠊⠗⠊⠎⠉⠓⠑⠀⠠⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠞⠞⠀
⠵⠥⠛⠑⠎⠞⠑⠓⠞⠂⠀⠀⠁⠃⠑⠗⠀⠙⠊⠑⠀⠁⠃⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠵⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠑⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠗⠑⠊⠞⠑⠞⠂⠀⠓⠁⠃⠑⠀⠊⠉⠓⠀⠧⠕⠝
⠀⠀⠑⠊⠝⠎⠑⠓⠑⠝⠙⠑⠝⠀⠠⠍⠝⠝⠑⠗⠝⠀⠑⠊⠝⠑⠝⠀⠠⠑⠊⠝⠺⠥⠗⠋⠀⠎⠕⠀
⠑⠊⠝⠎⠞⠊⠍⠍⠊⠛⠀⠧⠑⠗⠝⠕⠍⠍⠑⠝⠂⠀⠙⠁⠀⠊⠉⠓⠀⠀⠙⠁⠗⠁⠥⠎⠀
⠁⠃⠝⠑⠓⠍⠑⠂⠀⠑⠗⠀⠍⠎⠎⠑⠀⠎⠊⠉⠓⠀⠝⠁⠞⠗⠇⠊⠉⠓⠑⠗⠺⠑⠊⠎⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.