Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / An Essay on Laughter: Its Forms, Its Causes, Its Development and Its Value / Braille

An Essay on Laughter: Its Forms, Its Causes, Its Development and Its Value ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

845,167 braille cells · 897 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,101 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠁⠏⠏⠗⠕⠁⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠼⠃⠉⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠗⠕⠝⠊⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠍⠑⠑⠞⠀⠥⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠥⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠆⠀⠋⠕⠗⠂⠀⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀
⠇⠁⠥⠛⠓⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠎⠥⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠓⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠓⠕⠏⠑⠇⠑⠎⠎⠇⠽⠀⠺⠑⠁⠅⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠊⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠠⠃⠁⠉⠕⠝⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠁⠇⠅⠎⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀
⠊⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠝⠕⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠁⠀⠥⠝⠊⠧⠑⠗⠎⠁⠇
⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠁⠝⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠁⠥⠛⠓⠞⠑⠗⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎
⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠂⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠺⠕⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠁⠝⠀⠁⠝⠞⠑⠉⠑⠙⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠂⠀
⠎⠥⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠇⠁⠥⠛⠓⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑
⠀⠁⠋⠗⠁⠊⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠓⠥⠍⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠅⠊⠝⠎⠋⠕⠇⠅⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀
⠎⠺⠑⠑⠏⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠝⠑⠞⠀
⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠍⠑⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠛⠗⠁⠙⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠁⠥⠛⠓⠞⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇
⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠍⠊⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠗⠁⠉⠑⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍
⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠑⠁⠗⠇⠊⠑⠎⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠗⠥⠙⠑⠎⠞⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠺⠑⠀
⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠕⠏⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠎⠉⠓⠑⠍⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.