Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / Thinking as a Science / Braille

Thinking as a Science ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

272,861 braille cells · 289 embossed pages at 40×25 · 203 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠙⠑⠧⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠝⠑⠛⠇⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠑⠗⠲
⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠆⠀
⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠎⠽⠉⠓⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠲⠀⠀⠠⠋⠑⠺⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠞⠀
⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠋⠁⠥⠇⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠅⠊⠝⠙⠂⠀⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠊⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠓⠁⠏⠏⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠺⠊⠇⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎
⠀⠦⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠝⠞⠗⠁⠞⠑⠴⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠝⠞⠎⠀⠞⠕⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠞⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀
⠧⠊⠉⠞⠊⠍⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠦⠍⠊⠝⠙⠀⠺⠁⠝⠙⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠲⠴⠀⠀⠠⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠥⠎⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠊⠝⠑⠀⠺⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠎⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠋⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠚⠥⠙⠛⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠂⠀
⠝⠕⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠍⠊⠎⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠲⠀
⠠⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠗⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠊⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠝⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠋⠊⠝⠙⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀
⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠝⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠎⠥⠛⠛⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠦⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠙⠲⠴⠀⠠⠊
⠀⠙⠊⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠎⠁⠽⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀⠕⠗⠀⠺⠓⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠗⠑⠋⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠍⠕⠥⠎⠀
⠏⠎⠽⠉⠓⠕⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠎⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.