Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / Thinking as a Science / Braille

Thinking as a Science ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

272,861 braille cells · 289 embossed pages at 40×25 · 203 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠠⠊⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀
⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠍⠏⠓⠁⠎⠊⠵⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀
⠅⠝⠕⠺⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠙⠑⠁⠇⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠊⠞⠀⠓⠑⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠀
⠚⠥⠎⠞⠊⠉⠑⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀⠙⠑⠧⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠑⠝⠞⠊⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠙⠕⠝⠑⠀⠎⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠤⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠑⠗⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠀⠁⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅
⠀⠕⠝⠀⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠥⠝⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠊⠎⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠁⠙⠑⠗⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠝⠙⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠲
⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠝⠉⠕⠥⠗⠁⠛⠑⠀⠓⠊⠍⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠂⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠎⠕⠀⠙⠑⠑⠏⠀
⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠊⠝⠉⠕⠍⠏⠗⠑⠓⠑⠝⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠗⠑⠏⠥⠇⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠝⠑⠗⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠁⠗⠙⠀
⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠊⠎⠑⠒⠤⠤⠠⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠠⠇⠑⠎⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠇⠕⠛⠊⠉⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠠⠎⠞⠁⠝⠇⠑⠽⠀⠠⠚⠑⠧⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠊⠧⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠝⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠗⠙⠑⠎⠞⠀
⠞⠁⠎⠅⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠦⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠲⠤⠤⠠⠠⠑⠍⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠙⠑⠁⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀
⠠⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠝⠑⠛⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.