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Introduction to the scientific study of education ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

662,010 braille cells · 702 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,646 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠞⠑⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠀⠠⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠁⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀
⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠎⠲⠀⠠⠎⠏⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠁⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠲⠀⠠⠗⠑⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠟⠥⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠝⠎⠺⠑⠗⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠑⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞
⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠲⠀⠀⠠⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠵⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠎⠉⠓⠕⠕⠇
⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠧⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠲⠀⠠⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠵⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠤⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠧⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠽⠲⠀
⠠⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠲⠀⠠⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠞⠑⠎⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠑⠭⠑⠗⠉⠊⠎⠑⠎
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠀⠠⠠⠭⠧⠊⠊⠲⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠗⠕⠕⠍⠀⠠⠠⠍⠁⠝⠁⠛⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇
⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠞⠗⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠞⠽⠏⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠇⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠁⠝⠞⠊⠉⠊⠏⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠕⠥⠞⠊⠝⠑⠲⠀⠠⠏⠥⠝⠊⠎⠓⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠺⠁⠗⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠗⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠀
⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠵⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠊⠋⠽⠀
⠥⠝⠗⠥⠇⠽⠀⠍⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠛⠗⠕⠥⠏⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠊⠍⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠊⠏⠇⠊⠝⠑⠲⠀⠠⠑⠭⠑⠗⠉⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠗⠑⠁⠙⠊⠝⠛⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠀⠠⠠⠭⠧⠊⠊⠊⠲⠀
⠠⠠⠎⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠠⠠⠁⠙⠍⠊⠝⠊⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠎
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠑⠙⠀⠀⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠁⠍⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠁⠗⠅⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠕⠞⠁⠇⠀
⠎⠉⠓⠕⠕⠇⠀⠙⠁⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠀⠏⠑⠗⠊⠕⠙⠲⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.