Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / History of Chemistry, Volume 1 (of 2) / Braille

History of Chemistry, Volume 1 (of 2) ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

262,413 braille cells · 279 embossed pages at 40×25 · 540 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠞⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠑⠏⠥⠇⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀
⠁⠎⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠋⠥⠝⠙⠁⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠲⠀⠠⠁⠞⠀⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠁⠎⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠉⠑⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠞⠕⠍⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠁⠞⠕⠍⠊⠉⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠎⠎⠕⠇⠥⠃⠇⠽⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠙⠑⠧⠑⠇⠕⠏⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠊⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠞⠕⠍⠂⠀⠝⠕⠗⠀⠝⠑⠑⠙⠀⠺⠑⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠗⠝⠀⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀
⠍⠑⠞⠁⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠀⠟⠥⠊⠃⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠙⠊⠧⠊⠎⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠗⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠧⠊⠎⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀
⠃⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠠⠇⠥⠉⠗⠑⠞⠊⠥⠎⠀⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠁⠞⠕⠍⠀⠊⠎⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠋⠁⠗⠀⠙⠕⠺⠝⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠁⠞⠕⠍⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠑⠙⠂⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠀⠉⠁⠝⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠙⠊⠍⠇⠽
⠀⠏⠑⠗⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠎⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠁⠝⠞⠊⠟⠥⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀
⠓⠁⠎⠀⠛⠗⠕⠺⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠑⠝⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠛⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠗⠝⠀⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠎⠞⠗⠽⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠁⠉⠟⠥⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠓⠁⠗⠍⠕⠝⠽⠀⠥⠝⠊⠍⠁⠛⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠑⠞⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠇⠙⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀
⠎⠓⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠕⠇⠇⠑⠙⠂⠀⠀
⠊⠇⠇⠥⠍⠊⠝⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠧⠊⠧⠊⠋⠊⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.