Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / What Does History Teach? / Braille

What Does History Teach? ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

129,591 braille cells · 138 embossed pages at 40×25 · 648 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠓⠕⠏⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠉⠓⠊⠑⠧⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠥⠎⠀⠑⠟⠥⠊⠏⠏⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓
⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠗⠁⠇⠀⠁⠗⠍⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀
⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠀⠎⠑⠑⠝⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠊⠥⠍⠏⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠉⠓⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠁⠝⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠥⠊⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠓⠑⠁⠞⠓⠑⠝⠊⠎⠍⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠏⠥⠗⠑⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠭⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠧⠊⠇⠀
⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠑⠧⠁⠝⠛⠑⠇⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠊⠋⠑⠎⠞⠕⠀⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠑⠗⠍⠕⠝⠀
⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠕⠆
⠀⠝⠕⠗⠂⠀⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠑⠙⠂⠀⠉⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀
⠊⠎⠂⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠗⠁⠉⠥⠇⠕⠥⠎⠀⠀
⠧⠊⠗⠞⠥⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠙⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠊⠇⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠎⠺⠑⠑⠞⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠺⠊⠝⠑⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠃⠕⠞⠞⠇⠑⠎⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠋⠁⠊⠇
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠁⠞⠉⠓⠀⠁⠀⠞⠁⠊⠝⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠀
⠊⠝⠉⠗⠥⠎⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠇⠊⠟⠥⠕⠗⠲⠀
⠠⠉⠕⠗⠗⠥⠏⠞⠊⠁⠀⠕⠏⠞⠊⠍⠊⠀⠀⠏⠑⠎⠎⠊⠍⠁⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀
⠇⠑⠎⠎⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠞⠑⠁⠉⠓⠑⠎⠂
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠝⠕⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠗⠁⠛⠊⠉⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠠⠉⠓⠗⠊⠎⠞⠊⠁⠝⠀⠠⠉⠓⠥⠗⠉⠓⠲⠀⠠⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠗⠁⠝⠅⠀
⠉⠗⠕⠏⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠇⠙⠀⠺⠊⠧⠑⠎⠄⠀⠋⠁⠃⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠑⠝⠙⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠀
⠛⠑⠝⠑⠁⠇⠕⠛⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠉⠑⠗⠑⠍⠕⠝⠊⠁⠇⠀⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠺⠕⠗⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠂⠀⠧⠕⠇⠥⠝⠞⠁⠗⠽⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.