Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / What Does History Teach? / Braille

What Does History Teach? ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

129,591 braille cells · 138 embossed pages at 40×25 · 648 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠀⠙⠁⠽⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠧⠊⠙⠥⠁⠇⠀⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠅⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠑⠊⠧⠑⠙⠀⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠇⠁⠺⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠑⠞⠥⠙⠑⠎
⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠙⠕⠀⠠⠍⠁⠛⠝⠁⠀⠠⠉⠓⠁⠗⠞⠁⠆⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠠⠉⠓⠗⠊⠎⠞⠂⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠙⠗⠑⠁⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠥⠗⠃⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠞⠗⠁⠇⠀
⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠋⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠕⠙⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠞⠞⠇⠑⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽
⠀⠙⠑⠑⠏⠤⠗⠕⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠀⠏⠑⠗⠍⠁⠝⠑⠝⠉⠽⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠙⠎⠞⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠗⠞⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠥⠞⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠀⠁⠋⠋⠁⠊⠗⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠇⠊⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠋⠥⠝⠙⠁⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠝⠀⠎⠕⠀⠀
⠧⠁⠇⠥⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠎⠕⠥⠇⠎⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀
⠋⠥⠝⠙⠁⠍⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠀⠞⠗⠥⠞⠓⠎⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠎⠽⠍⠃⠕⠇⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠧⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠀⠞⠗⠁⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎
⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠓⠕⠎⠞⠊⠇⠑⠀⠀⠉⠁⠍⠏⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠁⠝⠽⠀⠇⠕⠉⠁⠇⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠀⠙⠕⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠎⠉⠕⠞⠇⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠀⠑⠉⠉⠇⠑⠎⠊⠁⠎⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠊⠞⠎
⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠗⠕⠞⠉⠓⠑⠞⠎⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠙⠑⠧⠕⠥⠞⠀
⠠⠑⠛⠽⠏⠞⠊⠁⠝⠀⠁⠇⠇⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠝⠑⠊⠛⠓⠃⠕⠥⠗⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.