Library / Philosophy / First Principles / Braille
First Principles ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.
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884,291 braille cells · 932 embossed pages at 40×25 · 401 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠏⠻⠎⠕⠝⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠃⠑⠓⠔⠙⠀⠑⠀⠏⠓⠢⠕⠍⠢⠕⠝⠆⠀⠃⠑⠀⠭⠀⠔⠀ ⠠⠏⠕⠇⠽⠮⠊⠎⠍⠂⠀⠔⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠘⠮⠀⠀⠏⠻⠎⠕⠝⠁⠇⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠛⠢⠻⠁⠇⠊⠵⠫⠆⠀⠃⠑⠀⠭⠀⠔⠀⠠⠍⠕⠝⠕⠮⠊⠎⠍⠂⠀⠔⠀ ⠱⠊⠡⠀⠀⠮⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠱⠕⠇⠇⠽⠀⠛⠢⠻⠁⠇⠊⠵⠫⠆⠀⠕⠗⠀⠃⠑⠀⠭⠀⠔⠀ ⠠⠏⠁⠝⠮⠊⠎⠍⠂⠀⠔⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠮⠀⠀⠛⠢⠻⠁⠇⠊⠵⠫⠀⠏⠻⠎⠕⠝⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀ ⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠐⠕⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠏⠓⠢⠕⠍⠢⠁⠆⠀⠺⠑⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠋⠔⠙⠀⠀ ⠁⠝⠀⠓⠽⠏⠕⠮⠎⠊⠎⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠢⠙⠻⠀⠮⠀ ⠠⠥⠝⠊⠧⠻⠎⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠗⠑⠓⠢⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠝⠁⠽⠂⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀⠞⠀⠱⠊⠡ ⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙⠫⠀⠵⠀⠮⠀⠝⠑⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠀ ⠠⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠝⠤⠤⠑⠧⠢⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠠⠁⠮⠊⠎⠍⠂⠀⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠾⠔ ⠀⠮⠀⠙⠑⠋⠔⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠆⠀⠿⠀⠭⠂⠀⠀⠞⠕⠕⠂⠀⠔⠀⠁⠎⠎⠻⠞⠬⠀⠮⠀ ⠎⠑⠇⠋⠤⠑⠭⠊⠌⠢⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠠⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠠⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠂⠀⠯⠀ ⠠⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠀⠭⠀⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙⠎⠀⠵⠀⠁⠙⠑⠟⠥⠁⠞⠑⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠎ ⠀⠷⠀⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠜⠁⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠳⠝⠙⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠀⠀⠏⠗⠊⠕⠗⠊⠀ ⠮⠕⠗⠽⠀⠋⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠭⠀⠓⠕⠇⠙⠎⠀⠮⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠙⠫⠥⠉⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠝⠪⠀⠑⠀⠀⠮⠕⠗⠽⠀⠞⠁⠉⠊⠞⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠎⠻⠞⠎⠀⠞⠺⠕ ⠀⠹⠬⠎⠒⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠇⠽⠂⠀⠞⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠹⠬⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠑⠭⠏⠇⠁⠔⠫⠆⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠇⠽⠂⠀⠞⠀⠎⠥⠡⠀⠯⠀⠎⠥⠡⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮⠀ ⠑⠭⠏⠇⠁⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠓⠢⠉⠑⠂⠀⠀⠓⠪⠑⠧⠻⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠇⠽⠀ ⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠞⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠙⠊⠎⠁⠛⠗⠑⠑⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀ ⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠮⠽⠀⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠆⠀⠽⠑⠞ ⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠍⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠮⠽⠀⠁⠛⠗⠑⠑⠀⠞⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠀ ⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠕⠇⠧⠫⠲⠀⠠⠐⠓⠀⠮⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞ ⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠉⠗⠑⠫⠎⠀⠓⠀⠔⠀⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠗⠑⠇⠊⠛⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀ ⠙⠊⠁⠍⠑⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠫⠀⠔⠀⠸⠮⠀⠕⠧⠻⠞⠀⠙⠕⠛⠍⠁⠎⠂⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.