Library / Philosophy / First Principles / Braille
First Principles ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
884,291 braille cells · 932 embossed pages at 40×25 · 401 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠫⠀⠮⠗⠑⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠁⠉⠊⠞⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠬⠀⠮ ⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠊⠧⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠊⠝⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠊⠧⠁⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠙⠊⠌⠔⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠆⠀ ⠯⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠙⠊⠌⠔⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀ ⠠⠺⠑⠀⠉⠀⠓⠀⠝⠕⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠷⠀⠠⠃⠑⠬⠀⠔⠀⠛⠢⠻⠁⠇⠀ ⠱⠊⠡⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠀⠐⠎⠀⠠⠃⠑⠬⠀⠔⠀⠏⠜⠞⠊⠉⠥⠇⠜⠒⠀⠀⠁⠀⠹⠬⠂⠀⠔⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠐⠕⠀⠹⠬⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠷⠀⠸⠍⠲⠀⠠⠔⠀ ⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠬⠀⠮⠀⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠷⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠋⠔⠊⠞⠑⠀ ⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠑⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠂ ⠀⠀⠞⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠐⠞⠀⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠫⠀⠯⠀ ⠥⠝⠇⠊⠍⠊⠞⠫⠆⠤⠤⠁⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠹⠬⠂⠀⠀⠾⠳⠞⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠭⠀ ⠉⠳⠇⠙⠀⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀ ⠁⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠀⠝⠕⠹⠬⠂⠀⠾⠳⠞⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠭⠀⠉⠳⠇⠙⠀⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠊⠝⠋⠔⠊⠞⠑⠲⠀⠔⠔⠀⠔⠔⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠦⠠⠁⠀⠎⠑⠉⠕⠝⠙⠀ ⠡⠜⠁⠉⠞⠻⠊⠌⠊⠉⠀⠷⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠞⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀ ⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠿⠍⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠮⠗⠑ ⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠀⠠⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠏⠻⠎⠕⠝⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠂⠀ ⠯⠀⠁⠝⠀⠠⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠹⠬⠀⠷⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮⠗⠑⠀⠉⠀⠀⠃⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠾⠳⠞ ⠀⠮⠀⠥⠝⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠘⠮⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠕⠗⠎⠆⠀⠯⠂⠀⠔⠀⠞⠀⠀ ⠥⠝⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠑⠁⠡⠀⠑⠭⠊⠌⠎⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠵⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮ ⠀⠕⠮⠗⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠔⠀⠎ ⠀⠋⠜⠀⠵⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠀⠷⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠒⠀⠮⠀ ⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠀⠁⠝⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠔⠀⠎⠀⠋⠜⠀⠵⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎ ⠀⠁⠏⠏⠗⠑⠓⠢⠙⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠁⠀⠎⠥⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠒⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠀⠙⠑⠌⠗⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.