Library / Philosophy / First Principles / Braille
First Principles ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.
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⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠤⠤⠊⠋⠀⠺⠑⠀⠀⠌⠥⠙⠽⠀⠮⠀⠏⠓⠢⠕⠍⠢⠁⠀⠵⠀ ⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠗⠬⠀⠔⠀⠕⠮⠗⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠁⠃⠌⠗⠁⠉⠞⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠀ ⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠋⠕⠊⠇⠫⠲⠀⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠊⠍⠏⠇⠊⠑⠎⠀ ⠏⠻⠏⠑⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠏⠻⠏⠑⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠀⠑⠌⠁⠃⠇⠊⠩⠍⠢⠞⠀ ⠷⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠢⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀ ⠏⠓⠁⠎⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠅⠝⠪⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀⠀⠁⠇⠇⠂⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠍⠢⠞⠁⠇⠀ ⠁⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠃⠑⠀⠅⠝⠪⠝⠀⠵⠀⠎⠥⠡⠀⠕⠗⠀⠎⠥⠡⠤⠤⠵⠀⠇⠀ ⠘⠮⠀⠀⠿⠑⠛⠕⠬⠀⠕⠝⠑⠎⠀⠕⠗⠀⠥⠝⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠘⠹⠒⠀⠊⠋⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠀ ⠹⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀⠷⠀⠔⠀⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠭⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠾⠀⠕⠮⠗⠎⠤⠤⠝⠀⠙⠊⠌⠬⠥⠊⠩⠫⠀ ⠕⠗⠀⠊⠙⠢⠞⠊⠋⠊⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠜⠊⠎⠕⠝⠀⠾⠀⠕⠮⠗⠎⠂⠀⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝ ⠀⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠵⠫⠤⠤⠊⠎⠀⠝⠀⠁⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀ ⠁⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠇⠁⠌⠀⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠮⠝⠂ ⠀⠇⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠮⠗⠂⠀⠉⠀⠑⠭⠊⠌⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠹⠗⠳⠛⠓⠀⠁⠀⠀ ⠏⠻⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠳⠎⠀ ⠌⠁⠞⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠃⠀⠎⠥⠡⠀⠏⠻⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠗⠑⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎ ⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠉⠕⠝⠌⠊⠞⠥⠞⠑⠀⠁⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠀⠇⠁⠞⠻⠀⠹⠁⠝⠀⠮⠀⠇⠁⠌⠂⠀ ⠱⠊⠡⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠙⠊⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠕⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠮⠀ ⠙⠊⠋⠋⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠽⠀⠔⠀⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀⠿⠍⠒⠤⠤⠠⠊⠋⠀⠉⠑⠁⠎⠑⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠀ ⠡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠷⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠁⠇⠕⠝⠑ ⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠑⠭⠊⠌⠎⠂⠀⠀⠮⠝⠀⠱⠢⠀⠮⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠫⠀ ⠇⠁⠌⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠗⠑⠁⠡⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷ ⠀⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠫⠬⠀⠡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂⠀⠡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠉⠑⠁⠎⠫⠆⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑ ⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠀⠉⠑⠁⠎⠫⠆⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠀⠮⠀ ⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠫⠀⠇⠁⠌⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠀⠁⠀⠌⠁⠞⠑⠀⠷⠀⠀ ⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠆⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠀⠮⠗⠑⠀⠉⠀⠃⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.