Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy / Braille

Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

513,956 braille cells · 541 embossed pages at 40×25 · 548 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠝⠕⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠀⠷⠀⠁⠝⠁⠇⠽⠎⠬⠀⠋⠥⠗⠮⠗⠂⠀⠯⠀⠍⠥⠌⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠂
⠀⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙⠀⠮⠍⠀⠶⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠺⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠜⠽⠶⠀⠵⠀⠥⠇⠞⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠀⠏⠓⠢⠕⠍⠢⠁⠂⠀⠯⠀⠗⠑⠋⠻⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠧⠊⠵⠲⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠁⠞⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠯⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠏⠥⠇⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀⠿⠉⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠼⠓⠁⠲⠶⠀
⠠⠷⠀⠿⠉⠑⠂⠀⠵⠀⠉⠳⠝⠞⠻⠃⠁⠇⠁⠝⠉⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠬⠀⠿⠉⠑⠂⠀⠺⠑
⠀⠓⠂⠀⠵⠀⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠎⠁⠊⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠞⠻⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠆⠀⠯⠀⠹⠳⠛⠓⠀⠭⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠀⠌⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠥⠀⠞⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠷⠀⠑⠭⠻⠞⠬⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠅⠔⠙⠀⠀⠷⠀⠑⠋⠿⠞⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠂⠀⠚⠥⠙⠛⠬⠀
⠁⠇⠕⠝⠑⠀⠋⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠉⠊⠳⠎⠝⠑⠎⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀
⠇⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙⠀⠵⠀⠁⠀⠍⠢⠞⠁⠇⠀⠐⠕⠆⠀⠽⠑⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠸⠉⠀
⠗⠑⠋⠥⠎⠑⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠀⠑⠧⠊⠙⠢⠉⠑⠀⠀⠷⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠎⠢⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠱⠊⠡⠀⠩⠪⠎⠀⠥⠀⠞⠀⠱⠢⠀⠺⠑⠀⠅⠑⠑⠏⠀⠁⠀⠎⠏⠗⠬⠀⠌⠗⠑⠞⠡⠫⠀⠾⠀⠀
⠐⠕⠀⠓⠯⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠋⠑⠑⠇⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠑⠋⠿⠞⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠫⠀⠑⠭⠁⠉⠞⠇⠽⠀⠔
⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠵⠀⠊⠋⠀⠺⠑⠀⠀⠸⠓⠀⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠫
⠀⠭⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠓⠯⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠵⠀⠭⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠀⠞⠀⠷⠀
⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀⠏⠻⠎⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠑⠝⠟⠥⠊⠗⠽⠂⠀⠮⠗⠑⠿⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀
⠁⠛⠛⠗⠑⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠷⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠗⠑⠎⠕⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠛⠢⠻⠁⠇⠀⠐⠟⠂⠀⠠⠱⠁⠞⠀⠺⠀⠃⠑⠀⠮⠀⠀⠃⠑⠓⠁⠧⠊⠳⠗⠀⠷
⠀⠍⠁⠞⠻⠊⠁⠇⠀⠏⠜⠞⠊⠉⠇⠑⠎⠀⠐⠥⠀⠮⠀⠍⠥⠞⠥⠁⠇⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀
⠕⠏⠏⠕⠎⠬⠀⠀⠿⠉⠑⠎⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠷⠀⠉⠳⠝⠞⠻⠃⠁⠇⠁⠝⠉⠬⠀⠑⠁⠡⠀
⠕⠮⠗⠦⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠁⠝⠎⠺⠻⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠐⠟⠀⠉⠀⠃⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀
⠹⠁⠝⠀⠮⠀⠁⠝⠝⠳⠝⠉⠑⠍⠢⠞⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀⠷⠀⠀⠑⠟⠥⠊⠇⠊⠃⠗⠊⠥⠍⠂
⠀⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻⠀⠇⠁⠺⠀⠞⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠼⠓⠃⠲⠶⠀⠠⠾⠀⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.