Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy / Braille

Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

617,156 braille cells · 655 embossed pages at 40×25 · 548 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠙⠕⠀⠽⠊⠑⠇⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠕⠀
⠑⠭⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠇⠽⠀⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠙⠑⠍⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠁⠃⠇⠽
⠀⠊⠝⠉⠁⠏⠁⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠽
⠀⠀⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠎⠒⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑
⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠊⠝⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠀⠀
⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠎⠞⠊⠛⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠍⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠉⠁⠝
⠀⠁⠇⠺⠁⠽⠎⠀⠃⠑⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠎⠀⠀⠗⠊⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠺⠕⠀⠎⠥⠃⠙⠊⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠕⠇⠊⠙⠀⠍⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠗⠑⠋⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠋⠇⠑⠭⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠀⠕⠗⠀⠑⠇⠁⠎⠞⠊⠉⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠊⠝⠋⠇⠑⠭⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠗⠊⠛⠊⠙⠂⠀⠃⠕⠙⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠗⠑⠓⠑⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠎⠥⠉⠓
⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠋⠇⠑⠭⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠗⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠎⠕⠀⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠑⠗⠍⠊⠞⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀
⠁⠙⠕⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠝⠛⠥⠁⠛⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠑⠍⠑⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠋⠑⠁⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠍⠁⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠇⠀⠑⠗⠗⠕⠗⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠼⠃⠉⠓⠲⠶⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠝⠑⠗⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠺⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠕⠗⠉⠑⠎⠀⠀⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠋⠇⠥⠊⠙⠀⠍⠁⠎⠎⠂⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠺⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠕⠉⠉⠁⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠑⠀⠊⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠋⠗⠑⠑⠇⠽⠀⠍⠕⠧⠑⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠋⠂⠀⠃⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠉⠓⠕⠕⠎⠑⠀⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠀⠁⠀⠋⠇⠥⠊⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠝⠉⠕⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠙⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠀⠉⠕⠝⠉⠇⠥⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.