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Leonardo da Vinci, Pathfinder of Science ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

248,160 braille cells · 261 embossed pages at 40×25 · 94 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠇⠕⠁⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠏⠥⠇⠇⠑⠽⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠝⠧⠑⠝⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠅⠊⠝⠙⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠁⠉⠅⠇⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠑⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠥⠞⠊⠇⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀
⠅⠊⠝⠙⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠑⠧⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠗⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠗⠁⠊⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠽⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠎⠀
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠚⠁⠉⠅⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠑⠗⠥⠝⠝⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠕⠺⠝
⠀⠁⠥⠞⠕⠍⠕⠃⠊⠇⠑⠀⠚⠁⠉⠅⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠼⠁⠙⠊⠉⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠇⠁⠽⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠋⠕⠗⠵⠁⠀⠍⠕⠝⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠺⠓⠑⠑⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠭⠓⠊⠃⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑
⠀⠁⠀⠉⠥⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠺⠝⠀⠁⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠲⠀⠠⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝
⠀⠠⠍⠊⠇⠁⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠕⠎⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠛⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠝⠕⠃⠇⠑⠀⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠠⠇⠥⠙⠕⠧⠊⠉⠕⠀
⠕⠥⠞⠙⠊⠙⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠏⠇⠁⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠥⠭⠥⠗⠽⠲
⠀⠀⠠⠞⠁⠏⠑⠎⠞⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠓⠥⠝⠛⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠥⠊⠇⠙⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠗⠊⠉⠓⠀⠉⠁⠗⠏⠑⠞⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠇⠁⠊⠙⠀⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀
⠎⠞⠑⠏⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠞⠓⠑⠙⠗⠁⠇⠲⠀⠠⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠞⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠠⠍⠊⠇⠁⠝⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠀
⠑⠭⠓⠊⠃⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠤⠤⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀⠁⠀⠉⠗⠕⠉⠕⠙⠊⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠧⠑⠀⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠥⠝⠧⠑⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠕⠄⠎⠀⠀⠉⠕⠇⠕⠎⠎⠁⠇⠀
⠎⠞⠁⠞⠥⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠞⠀⠗⠕⠎⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠍⠁⠚⠑⠎⠞⠽⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠎⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠙⠀⠺⠁⠇⠇⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠎⠞⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠕⠀⠙⠁⠀⠠⠧⠊⠝⠉⠊⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠎⠥⠙⠙⠑⠝⠇⠽⠀⠕⠝⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.