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Leonardo da Vinci, Pathfinder of Science ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

248,160 braille cells · 261 embossed pages at 40×25 · 94 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠏⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠁⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠕⠀⠗⠑⠞⠥⠗⠝⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠀
⠎⠞⠥⠙⠊⠕⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠝⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀
⠠⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠎⠞⠗⠥⠛⠛⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠁⠇⠁⠝⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠓⠕⠗⠎⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠀⠎⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠲
⠀⠠⠃⠽⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠋⠁⠇⠇⠑⠝⠀⠎⠕⠇⠙⠊⠑⠗⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠗⠍⠀⠥⠏⠗⠁⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠏⠗⠕⠞⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠑⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠕⠗⠎⠑⠂⠀⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠕⠀⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀
⠃⠁⠇⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠝⠕⠗⠍⠕⠥⠎⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠊⠙⠑⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠀⠉⠁⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠇⠞⠑⠝⠀
⠃⠗⠕⠝⠵⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠋⠊⠝⠁⠇⠇⠽⠂⠀⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠕⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠁⠀
⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠺⠁⠭⠀⠍⠕⠙⠑⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠥⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠀⠎⠓⠕⠺⠑⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠇⠥⠙⠕⠧⠊⠉⠕⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠝⠕⠃⠇⠑⠍⠁⠝⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠀⠠⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠎⠉⠥⠇⠏⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠍⠑⠗⠑
⠀⠧⠁⠗⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠙⠕⠝⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠇⠎⠕⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠎⠀
⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠀⠃⠗⠕⠝⠵⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠍⠕⠗⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠕⠥⠎⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠕⠥⠝⠙⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠕⠀
⠑⠝⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠥⠑⠀⠋⠊⠋⠞⠽⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠎⠊⠵⠑⠖⠀⠠⠇⠥⠙⠕⠧⠊⠉⠕⠀⠁⠺⠁⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠊⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠀⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠕⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠕⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀
⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠊⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠑⠝⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠀⠙⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠊⠍⠍⠕⠗⠞⠁⠇⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.