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Leonardo da Vinci, Pathfinder of Science ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

248,160 braille cells · 261 embossed pages at 40×25 · 94 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠃⠗⠕⠝⠵⠑⠀⠍⠕⠝⠥⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠋⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠉⠕⠀⠠⠎⠋⠕⠗⠵⠁⠲⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠚⠕⠃⠎⠀⠅⠑⠏⠞⠀⠀⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠕⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠃⠗⠕⠕⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠗⠑⠚⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠕⠋⠞⠑⠝⠂⠀⠞⠕⠕⠂⠀⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠕⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠠⠃⠑⠗⠝⠁⠗⠙⠊⠝⠕⠀⠙⠑⠀⠠⠏⠗⠑⠙⠊⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠇⠙⠑⠗⠀
⠃⠗⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠁⠍⠃⠗⠕⠛⠊⠕⠲⠀⠠⠃⠑⠗⠝⠁⠗⠙⠊⠝⠕⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠁
⠀⠍⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠊⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠕⠀⠺⠁⠞⠉⠓⠑⠙⠀
⠓⠊⠍⠀⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠊⠕⠥⠎⠀⠞⠁⠎⠅⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀
⠉⠥⠞⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠙⠊⠎⠅⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠊⠝⠛⠕⠞⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠀
⠓⠁⠍⠍⠑⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠕⠞⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠂
⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠛⠛⠑⠎⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠃⠑⠗⠝⠁⠗⠙⠊⠝⠕⠀⠁⠝⠀⠀⠑⠁⠎⠊⠑⠗⠀
⠍⠑⠞⠓⠕⠙⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠛⠑⠗⠍⠁⠝⠽⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠑⠏⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠍⠕⠕⠞⠓⠀⠗⠊⠃⠃⠕⠝⠎⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠑⠞⠁⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠉⠅⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠏⠥⠝⠉⠓⠂⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝⠀⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠊⠃⠃⠕⠝⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠁⠗⠽⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠧⠁⠇⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠂⠀⠏⠥⠝⠉⠓⠀
⠕⠥⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠊⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠇⠑⠕⠝⠁⠗⠙⠕⠀⠺⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠀⠃⠽⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠛⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠎⠑
⠀⠏⠥⠝⠉⠓⠑⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀⠋⠁⠉⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠊⠝⠲⠀⠠⠁
⠀⠎⠊⠝⠛⠇⠑⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠞⠁⠍⠏⠑⠙
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠉⠕⠊⠝⠎⠂⠀⠥⠎⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠋⠁⠇⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠺⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀
⠗⠁⠊⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠺⠊⠝⠉⠓⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠀
⠺⠁⠎⠀⠀⠇⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠙⠑⠎⠞⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠧⠁⠞⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀
⠍⠊⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠕⠝⠀⠠⠍⠁⠗⠉⠓⠀⠼⠃⠋⠂⠀⠼⠁⠙⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠗⠗⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠠⠍⠊⠇⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.