Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / On the Philosophy of Discovery, Chapters Historical and Critical / Braille

On the Philosophy of Discovery, Chapters Historical and Critical ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

976,095 braille cells · 1,028 embossed pages at 40×25 · 6,319 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠍⠊⠎⠑⠂⠀⠭⠀⠴⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇
⠀⠞⠀⠮⠽⠀⠩⠳⠇⠙⠀⠹⠔⠅⠀⠷⠀⠀⠙⠑⠧⠊⠎⠬⠀⠊⠝⠌⠊⠞⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠯⠀
⠁⠎⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠎⠥⠡⠀⠃⠢⠑⠋⠊⠞⠎⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠑
⠀⠀⠎⠑⠉⠥⠗⠫⠲⠀⠠⠃⠁⠉⠕⠝⠀⠸⠓⠀⠙⠗⠁⠺⠝⠀⠁⠀⠏⠊⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀
⠎⠕⠉⠊⠑⠞⠽⠀⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠵⠫⠀⠾⠀⠁⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠡⠀
⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠂⠀⠔⠀⠦⠀⠋⠊⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀
⠠⠁⠞⠁⠇⠁⠝⠞⠊⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠊⠍⠁⠛⠔⠜⠽⠀⠀⠞⠑⠁⠡⠻⠀⠱⠕⠀⠑⠭⠏⠇⠁⠔⠎
⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠌⠊⠞⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠊⠝⠟⠥⠊⠗⠬⠀⠞⠗⠁⠧⠑⠇⠇⠻⠂⠀⠀
⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠎⠀⠭⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠐⠝⠀⠷⠀⠠⠎⠕⠇⠕⠍⠕⠝⠄⠎⠀⠠⠓⠳⠎⠑⠆⠀
⠯⠀⠎⠁⠽⠎⠼⠃⠁⠉⠂⠀⠠⠮⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠀⠷⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮
⠀⠅⠀⠷⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠯⠀⠎⠑⠉⠗⠑⠞⠀⠍⠕⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠷⠀⠀⠹⠬⠎⠆⠀⠯⠀⠮
⠀⠑⠝⠇⠜⠛⠬⠀⠮⠀⠃⠳⠝⠙⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠑⠍⠏⠊⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠬⠀⠀⠷⠀⠹⠬⠎⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠯⠂⠀⠵⠀⠏⠜⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠹⠊⠎⠀⠠⠓⠳⠎⠑⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠎⠀⠉⠁⠧⠑⠎⠀⠀⠯⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠎⠂⠀
⠡⠁⠍⠃⠻⠎⠀⠯⠀⠞⠪⠻⠎⠂⠀⠃⠁⠹⠎⠀⠯⠀⠛⠜⠙⠢⠎⠂⠀⠏⠜⠅⠎⠀⠯⠀
⠏⠕⠕⠇⠎⠂⠀⠀⠙⠊⠎⠏⠢⠎⠁⠞⠕⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠯⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠁⠉⠑⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠸⠍⠀
⠕⠮⠗⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠊⠧⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠂⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠊⠙⠫⠀⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠷
⠀⠍⠁⠅⠬⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠸⠍⠀⠅⠔⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠙⠑⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠎
⠀⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠮⠀⠧⠜⠊⠳⠎⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠋⠑⠇⠇⠪⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠹⠊⠎⠀⠠⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠛⠑⠂⠀⠱⠕⠀⠞⠁⠅⠑⠀⠀⠁⠀⠩⠜⠑⠀⠔⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠑⠜⠡⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮⠗⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠍⠻⠡⠁⠝⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠱⠕⠀
⠃⠗⠬⠀⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠎⠀⠯⠀⠊⠝⠧⠢⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠋⠀⠿⠑⠊⠛⠝⠀⠉⠳⠝⠞⠗⠊⠑⠎⠆
⠀⠙⠑⠏⠗⠫⠁⠞⠕⠗⠎⠂⠀⠱⠕⠀⠛⠁⠮⠗⠀⠀⠮⠀⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀
⠑⠭⠊⠌⠀⠔⠀⠃⠕⠕⠅⠎⠆⠀⠍⠽⠌⠻⠽⠤⠍⠢⠂⠀⠱⠕⠀⠉⠕⠇⠇⠑⠉⠞⠀⠮⠀⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠻⠊⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠍⠑⠡⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠁⠗⠞⠎⠆⠀⠏⠊⠕⠝⠑⠻⠎⠀⠕⠗

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.