Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / On the Philosophy of Discovery, Chapters Historical and Critical / Braille

On the Philosophy of Discovery, Chapters Historical and Critical ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

976,095 braille cells · 1,028 embossed pages at 40×25 · 6,319 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠁⠀⠩⠁⠇⠇⠪⠀⠯⠀⠊⠍⠏⠥⠙⠢⠞⠀⠏⠗⠑⠞⠢⠙⠻⠆⠀⠀⠯⠀⠸⠓⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠅⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠇⠊⠞⠻⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠎⠉⠊⠢⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠦⠀⠐⠞⠒⠀⠀⠃⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠮⠀⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀⠷⠀⠦⠀⠎⠏⠑⠁⠅⠬⠀⠯⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬⠀⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠊⠋⠑⠌⠇⠽⠀
⠃⠑⠇⠕⠝⠛⠎⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮⠀⠍⠽⠌⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠎⠡⠕⠕⠇⠀⠷⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑
⠀⠝⠪⠀⠎⠏⠑⠁⠅⠬⠲⠀⠠⠏⠻⠓⠁⠏⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠀⠃⠕⠇⠙⠝⠑⠎⠎⠀⠾⠀⠱⠊⠡
⠀⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠫⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠎⠽⠌⠑⠍⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠃⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠬⠀⠘⠮
⠀⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠔⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠍⠫⠊⠉⠔⠑⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠫⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠹⠬⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠮⠀⠊⠝⠞⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠁
⠀⠝⠑⠺⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠓⠀⠎⠑⠢⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠠⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠀⠷
⠀⠀⠠⠡⠑⠍⠊⠌⠗⠽⠀⠞⠀⠓⠑⠀⠴⠀⠮⠀⠁⠥⠹⠕⠗⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠎⠽⠌⠑⠍⠀⠷⠀
⠠⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠠⠏⠗⠔⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠀⠶⠎⠁⠇⠞⠂⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠂⠀⠯⠀
⠍⠻⠉⠥⠗⠽⠂⠶⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠗⠑⠏⠇⠁⠉⠫⠀⠮⠀⠁⠝⠉⠊⠢⠞⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠔⠑⠀⠷⠀
⠠⠋⠳⠗⠀⠠⠑⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠏⠗⠑⠏⠜⠫⠀⠮⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠿⠀⠁⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠀
⠎⠉⠊⠢⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀⠡⠑⠍⠊⠌⠗⠽⠲⠀⠀⠠⠃⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠇⠞⠂⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠂⠀⠯
⠀⠍⠻⠉⠥⠗⠽⠀⠷⠀⠠⠏⠜⠁⠉⠑⠇⠎⠥⠎⠀⠶⠀⠝⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠇⠇⠎⠀⠦⠀⠀
⠙⠊⠎⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠎⠂⠀⠮⠀⠧⠊⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠃⠕⠙⠊⠑⠎⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠺⠑⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠘⠹⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠎⠂⠀⠃⠀⠉⠻⠞⠁⠔⠀⠀⠊⠝⠧⠊⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠁⠌⠗⠁⠇⠂⠀
⠕⠗⠀⠎⠊⠙⠻⠑⠁⠇⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠁⠌⠗⠁⠇⠀⠎⠁⠇⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮⠀
⠃⠁⠎⠊⠎⠀⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠎⠕⠇⠊⠙⠊⠞⠽⠀⠯⠀⠊⠝⠉⠕⠍⠃⠥⠌⠊⠃⠇⠑⠀⠏⠜⠞⠎⠀
⠔⠀⠃⠕⠙⠊⠑⠎⠆⠀⠮⠀⠁⠌⠗⠁⠇⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠀⠀⠊⠎⠀⠮⠀⠎⠳⠗⠉⠑⠀⠷⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠃⠥⠌⠊⠕⠝⠀⠯⠀⠧⠑⠛⠑⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠆⠀⠮⠀⠁⠌⠗⠁⠇⠀⠍⠻⠉⠥⠗⠽⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠮⠀⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠔⠀⠷⠀⠋⠇⠥⠊⠙⠊⠞⠽⠀⠯⠀⠧⠕⠇⠁⠞⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠲⠀⠠⠯⠀
⠁⠛⠁⠔⠂⠀⠘⠮⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠀⠁⠝⠁⠇⠕⠛⠳⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠮
⠀⠹⠗⠑⠑⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠢⠞⠎⠀⠷⠀⠍⠁⠝⠂⠤⠤⠠⠃⠕⠙⠽⠂⠀⠠⠸⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀
⠠⠎⠳⠇⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠻⠀⠷⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠕⠺⠝⠀⠉⠳⠝⠞⠗⠽⠂⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.