Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / On the Philosophy of Discovery, Chapters Historical and Critical / Braille

On the Philosophy of Discovery, Chapters Historical and Critical ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

976,095 braille cells · 1,028 embossed pages at 40×25 · 6,319 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠠⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠀⠯⠀⠠⠍⠁⠮⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠎⠲⠀⠠⠯⠀
⠽⠑⠞⠀⠁⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠐⠏⠀⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠷⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀
⠁⠥⠹⠕⠗⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠇⠁⠞⠫⠂⠀⠯⠀⠁⠀⠌⠊⠇⠇⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠻⠀⠀⠐⠏⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠓⠯⠎⠀⠷⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠀⠌⠥⠙⠢⠞⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠀⠁⠙⠙⠎⠀
⠋⠥⠗⠮⠗⠼⠛⠚⠀⠶⠔⠀⠮⠀⠀⠠⠹⠊⠗⠙⠀⠠⠐⠏⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠠⠕⠏⠥⠎⠀
⠠⠍⠁⠚⠥⠎⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠠⠙⠊⠎⠎⠻⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀
⠇⠁⠝⠛⠥⠁⠛⠑⠶⠂⠀⠀⠞⠀⠮⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠉⠥⠗⠗⠢⠞⠀⠷⠀⠘⠮⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠬⠎⠂⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠧⠀⠀⠃⠁⠙⠀⠯⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠻⠋⠑⠉⠞⠲⠀⠠⠾⠀⠘⠮⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠎⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠍⠕⠧⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠓⠊⠍⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠱⠁⠞⠀⠊⠍⠏⠁⠞⠊⠢⠞⠇⠽⠼⠛⠁⠀
⠗⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠬⠀⠘⠮⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠒⠀⠠⠊⠋⠀⠠⠊⠀⠸⠓⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠽⠎⠂⠀⠀
⠏⠪⠻⠀⠕⠧⠻⠀⠮⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠷⠀⠠⠁⠗⠊⠌⠕⠞⠇⠑⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠳⠇⠙⠀⠓⠀
⠮⠍⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠃⠥⠗⠝⠞⠆⠀⠿⠀⠀⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠁⠀⠇⠕⠎⠎⠀⠷⠀⠐⠞⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠌⠥⠙⠽⠀⠔⠀⠮⠍⠂⠀⠯⠀⠁⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠷⠀⠑⠗⠗⠕⠗⠂⠀⠯⠀⠀⠁⠀
⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠊⠛⠝⠕⠗⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠃⠑⠽⠕⠝⠙⠀
⠑⠭⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠀⠓⠻⠙⠀⠷⠀⠀⠌⠥⠙⠢⠞⠎⠂⠀⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠁⠽⠎⠂⠀⠾⠀⠸⠮⠀⠓⠑⠁⠙⠎⠂⠀⠓⠀⠝⠕⠀⠏⠗⠔⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀
⠮⠽⠀⠀⠉⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠭⠉⠊⠞⠫⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠺⠕⠗⠹⠽⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠍⠢⠞⠆⠀
⠯⠀⠓⠢⠉⠑⠀⠮⠽⠀⠍⠕⠏⠑⠀⠯⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠀⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠍⠎⠑⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀
⠕⠧⠻⠀⠸⠮⠀⠃⠁⠙⠀⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠯⠀⠇⠕⠎⠑⠀⠸⠮⠀⠐⠞⠂⠀⠀
⠯⠀⠞⠗⠳⠃⠇⠑⠂⠀⠯⠀⠍⠕⠝⠑⠽⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠗⠑⠍⠫⠊⠑⠎⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠓⠑⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠕⠍⠍⠢⠙⠎⠀⠿⠀⠘⠮⠀⠑⠧⠊⠇⠎⠂⠀⠁⠗⠑⠂⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠮⠀⠌⠥⠙⠽⠀⠷⠀⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠏⠻⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍⠀⠱⠊⠡
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠀⠔⠀⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠉⠗⠫⠀⠠⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠥⠗⠑⠼⠛⠃⠂
⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠝⠑⠭⠞⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠮⠀⠌⠥⠙⠽⠀⠷⠀⠍⠁⠮⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠎⠀⠀⠯⠀⠮

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.