Library / Biology / The History of Ink, Including Its Etymology, Chemistry, and Bibliography / Braille
The History of Ink, Including Its Etymology, Chemistry, and Bibliography ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
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101,691 braille cells · 108 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,104 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠀⠠⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠎⠞⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠃⠊⠃⠇⠊⠕⠛⠗⠁⠏⠓⠽⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠝⠑⠺⠤⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠆⠀⠠⠞⠓⠁⠙⠙⠑⠥⠎⠀⠠⠙⠁⠧⠊⠙⠎⠀⠀⠠⠉⠕⠲⠀⠼⠁⠃⠛ ⠀⠠⠺⠊⠇⠇⠊⠁⠍⠀⠠⠎⠞⠗⠑⠑⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠒⠀⠀ ⠠⠠⠋⠗⠁⠝⠉⠊⠎⠀⠠⠠⠓⠁⠗⠞⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠲⠀⠀⠠⠏⠗⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠀⠼⠋⠉ ⠀⠠⠉⠕⠗⠞⠇⠁⠝⠙⠞⠀⠠⠎⠞⠲⠀⠠⠝⠲⠠⠽⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠊⠝⠅⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠅⠀⠠⠠⠊⠎⠀ ⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠀⠁⠉⠉⠑⠏⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠙⠆⠀⠋⠕⠗⠂⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠛⠑⠝⠑⠗⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀ ⠙⠑⠝⠕⠍⠊⠝⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠤⠤⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠅⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀ ⠏⠁⠏⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠙⠑⠋⠊⠝⠊⠞⠑⠀⠇⠊⠝⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠽⠑⠞⠀ ⠊⠝⠅⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠽⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠀⠕⠗⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀ ⠓⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠞⠕⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀ ⠙⠑⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠉⠽⠤⠤⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠃⠑⠞⠗⠁⠽⠎⠀⠁⠀⠎⠊⠝⠛⠥⠇⠁⠗⠀ ⠝⠑⠛⠇⠊⠛⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠶⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠞⠕⠗⠊⠁⠝⠎⠀ ⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠇⠊⠞⠑⠗⠁⠗⠽⠀⠍⠑⠝⠶⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀ ⠊⠝⠛⠗⠁⠞⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠎⠏⠑⠝⠎⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀ ⠕⠋⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠗⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀ ⠺⠕⠗⠅⠤⠤⠺⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠙⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠞⠥⠍⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠊⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀ ⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠏⠁⠛⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠙⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀⠞⠊⠞⠇⠑⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠥⠇⠇⠑⠎⠞⠀⠎⠑⠝⠎⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀ ⠺⠊⠙⠑⠎⠞⠀⠎⠉⠕⠏⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠗⠍⠂⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀ ⠑⠞⠽⠍⠕⠇⠕⠛⠽⠂⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠉⠓⠑⠍⠊⠎⠞⠗⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀ ⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠥⠛⠛⠑⠎⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠊⠋⠊⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠞⠊⠞⠇⠑⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠋⠁⠊⠗⠇⠽⠀⠙⠑⠍⠁⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠀⠊⠞⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.