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Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal / Braille

The Panama Canal ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

71,813 braille cells · 76 embossed pages at 40×25 · 44 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠗⠞⠽⠤⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠍⠊⠇⠑⠎⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠑⠭⠞⠗⠑⠍⠑⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠍⠊⠇⠑⠎⠀
⠺⠊⠙⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠎⠞⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠁⠀⠧⠑⠎⠎⠑⠇⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠇⠁⠅⠑⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠞⠺⠑⠝⠞⠽⠤⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠍⠊⠇⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠏⠇⠁⠉⠑⠀⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀
⠠⠃⠁⠎⠀⠠⠕⠃⠊⠎⠏⠕⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠥⠝⠀⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠊⠇⠇⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠠⠉⠥⠇⠑⠃⠗⠁⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠥⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠠⠉⠥⠇⠑⠃⠗⠁⠀⠉⠥⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠊⠝⠑⠀⠍⠊⠇⠑⠎⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠼⠃⠑⠚
⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠕⠞⠞⠕⠍⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠎⠇⠕⠏⠑⠀⠎⠕⠀⠛⠗⠁⠙⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠎⠞⠀⠏⠕⠊⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠉⠥⠇⠑⠃⠗⠁⠀⠀
⠓⠊⠇⠇⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠼⠉⠃⠑⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀⠎⠑⠁⠀
⠇⠑⠧⠑⠇⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠊⠙⠞⠓⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀⠀⠕⠝⠑⠤⠓⠁⠇⠋
⠀⠍⠊⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠕⠥⠗⠀⠧⠑⠎⠎⠑⠇⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀
⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠝⠊⠝⠑⠤⠍⠊⠇⠑⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠠⠏⠑⠙⠗⠕⠀⠠⠍⠊⠛⠥⠑⠇⠲
⠀⠠⠁⠞⠀⠀⠠⠏⠑⠙⠗⠕⠀⠠⠍⠊⠛⠥⠑⠇⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠀
⠏⠁⠊⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠕⠉⠅⠎⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠚⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠂⠀⠼⠁⠁⠚⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞
⠀⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠁⠀⠙⠗⠕⠏⠀⠕⠗⠀⠇⠊⠋⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠗⠑⠁⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠼⠉⠑⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠂⠀⠊⠝⠎⠞⠑⠁⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠃⠓⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠇⠕⠉⠅⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠧⠑⠎⠎⠑⠇⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠇⠁⠅⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠁⠍⠍⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠎⠍⠁⠇⠇⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠁⠍⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.