Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal / Braille

The Panama Canal ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

71,813 braille cells · 76 embossed pages at 40×25 · 44 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠝⠙⠀⠙⠑⠃⠗⠊⠎⠆⠀⠼⠉⠚⠚⠀⠁⠊⠗⠤⠉⠕⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠙⠗⠊⠇⠇⠎⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠀⠃⠕⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠉⠅⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠀⠃⠇⠁⠎⠞⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠕⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠆⠀⠼⠁⠃⠑⠀⠎⠞⠑⠁⠍⠀⠎⠓⠕⠧⠑⠇⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠼⠛⠑⠂⠀
⠼⠊⠚⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠼⠁⠃⠑⠀⠞⠕⠝⠎⠀⠉⠁⠏⠁⠉⠊⠞⠽⠆⠀⠀⠁⠏⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠗⠽⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠋⠀⠗⠁⠊⠇⠗⠕⠁⠙
⠀⠞⠗⠁⠉⠅⠎⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠗⠁⠊⠇⠗⠕⠁⠙⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠉⠅⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠇⠥⠝⠛⠀⠼⠁⠚⠀⠕⠗⠀⠼⠁⠃⠀⠋⠑⠑⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠇⠁⠊⠙⠀⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠎⠏⠊⠅⠑⠙⠀⠁⠇⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠋⠁⠎⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠺⠁⠇⠅⠆
⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠀⠎⠞⠑⠑⠇⠀⠏⠇⠕⠺⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠏⠥⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀
⠁⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠀⠎⠞⠗⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠛⠗⠁⠧⠑⠇⠀⠉⠁⠗⠎⠂⠀⠏⠇⠕⠺⠊⠝⠛⠀⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠁⠧⠑⠇⠀⠕⠗⠀⠙⠑⠃⠗⠊⠎⠀⠕⠋⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠕⠝⠑
⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠀⠎⠕⠀⠗⠁⠏⠊⠙⠇⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠇⠕⠝⠛⠀⠀⠞⠗⠁⠊⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠼⠃⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠼⠉⠚⠀⠉⠁⠗⠎⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠥⠝⠇⠕⠁⠙⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠋⠑⠺
⠀⠍⠊⠝⠥⠞⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠗⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠀⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠛⠑⠝⠊⠥⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠍⠕⠝⠑⠽⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠂⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠕⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠁⠃⠕⠗⠀⠎⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠁⠉⠉⠑⠇⠑⠗⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍
⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠕⠺⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠊⠵⠑⠙
⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠉⠞⠥⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀⠓⠁⠇⠋⠀⠁⠓⠑⠁⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀
⠞⠊⠍⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠍⠊⠎⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀
⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠀⠃⠑⠛⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠙⠕⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.