Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / The Organism as a Whole, from a Physicochemical Viewpoint / Braille

The Organism as a Whole, from a Physicochemical Viewpoint ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

586,554 braille cells · 622 embossed pages at 40×25 · 3,908 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠓⠁⠙⠀⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠏⠗⠑⠧⠊⠕⠥⠎⠇⠽⠀⠙⠊⠎⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠽⠙⠗⠕⠛⠑⠝⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠊⠙⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎
⠀⠁⠀⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠏⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠠⠉⠁⠠⠎⠠⠕⠀⠕⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠏⠥⠞⠗⠑⠋⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀
⠃⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠕⠭⠊⠙⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀
⠛⠗⠕⠥⠏⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠃⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠀
⠃⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠲⠀⠠⠎⠥⠉⠓⠀⠃⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠂⠀⠑⠲⠀⠛⠲⠂⠀
⠠⠃⠑⠛⠛⠊⠁⠞⠕⠁⠂⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠋⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠥⠞⠇⠑⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠀⠎⠏⠗⠊⠝⠛⠎⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀
⠥⠞⠊⠇⠊⠵⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠓⠽⠙⠗⠕⠛⠑⠝⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠊⠙⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽
⠀⠕⠭⠊⠙⠊⠵⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠋⠞⠑⠗⠺⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠁⠞⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠉⠓⠑⠍⠑⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠶⠼⠁⠶⠀⠼⠃⠰⠠⠓⠠⠎⠀⠀⠠⠕⠀⠀⠼⠃⠰⠠⠓⠠⠕⠀⠀⠠⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠼⠃⠶⠀
⠠⠎⠀⠀⠼⠉⠠⠕⠀⠀⠼⠃⠰⠠⠓⠠⠕⠀⠀⠼⠃⠰⠠⠓⠠⠠⠎⠕⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠊⠉⠀⠁⠉⠊⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠝⠑⠥⠞⠗⠁⠇⠊⠵⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽
⠀⠉⠁⠗⠃⠕⠝⠁⠞⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠺⠊⠝⠕⠛⠗⠁⠙⠎⠅⠽⠀⠁⠎⠎⠥⠍⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠭⠊⠙⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠓⠠⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠀
⠃⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠥⠗⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠝⠑⠗⠛⠽⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀
⠏⠇⠁⠽⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠗⠇⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠭⠊⠙⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠠⠠⠝⠓⠀⠏⠇⠁⠽⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠊⠞⠗⠊⠋⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀⠃⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠂⠀
⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠭⠊⠙⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠁⠗⠃⠕⠝⠀
⠉⠕⠍⠏⠕⠥⠝⠙⠎⠤⠤⠎⠥⠛⠁⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠎⠤⠤⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠎⠑
⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠇⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠗⠀
⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠎⠍⠎⠲⠀⠠⠺⠊⠝⠕⠛⠗⠁⠙⠎⠅⠽⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽
⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠎⠥⠇⠏⠓⠥⠗⠀⠃⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠀⠙⠕⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.