Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / Natural Philosophy / Braille

Natural Philosophy ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

257,172 braille cells · 270 embossed pages at 40×25 · 642 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠝⠞⠑⠛⠗⠁⠇⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠎⠂⠀⠃⠑⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠀⠷⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠀
⠋⠥⠝⠙⠁⠍⠢⠞⠁⠇⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠊⠉⠊⠞⠽⠀⠯⠀⠗⠑⠛⠥⠇⠜⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠽
⠀⠋⠜⠀⠮⠀⠃⠑⠌⠀⠃⠁⠎⠊⠎⠀⠷⠀⠀⠉⠕⠤⠕⠗⠙⠔⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠿⠀⠱⠊⠇⠑
⠀⠁⠗⠊⠹⠍⠑⠞⠊⠉⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠮⠕⠗⠽⠀⠷⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠎⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀⠥⠀⠁⠀⠀
⠍⠕⠌⠀⠹⠕⠗⠳⠛⠓⠀⠁⠉⠟⠥⠁⠔⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠊⠜⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀
⠷⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠛⠗⠳⠏⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠀⠎⠑⠉⠥⠗⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠉⠕⠤⠕⠗⠙⠔⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠮⠀⠐⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠥⠏⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠘⠮⠀⠀
⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠊⠜⠊⠞⠊⠑⠎⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠷⠀⠋⠔⠙⠬⠀⠮⠍⠀
⠁⠛⠁⠔⠀⠔⠀⠑⠀⠕⠮⠗⠀⠀⠛⠗⠳⠏⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠀⠉⠕⠤⠕⠗⠙⠔⠁⠞⠫⠀⠾
⠀⠮⠀⠝⠥⠍⠻⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠛⠗⠳⠏⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠉⠜⠗⠽⠬⠀⠀⠕⠥⠞⠀⠷⠀⠎⠥⠡⠀
⠉⠕⠤⠕⠗⠙⠔⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠫⠀⠉⠳⠝⠞⠬⠂⠀⠯⠀⠋⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠍⠊⠎⠑⠎⠀⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠭⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠪⠎⠀⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠉⠀⠉⠳⠝⠞⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠹⠬⠎⠀⠔⠀⠎⠀⠋⠜⠀⠵⠀⠺⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙⠀⠀⠸⠮⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠉⠑⠎⠲⠀
⠠⠺⠑⠀⠉⠳⠝⠞⠀⠱⠢⠀⠺⠑⠀⠉⠕⠤⠕⠗⠙⠔⠁⠞⠑⠀⠔⠀⠞⠥⠗⠝⠀⠐⠕⠀
⠍⠑⠍⠃⠻⠀⠷⠀⠁⠀⠛⠗⠳⠏⠀⠁⠋⠞⠻⠀⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀⠀⠾⠀⠮⠀⠍⠑⠍⠃⠻⠎⠀⠷⠀
⠮⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠀⠎⠻⠊⠑⠎⠀⠞⠀⠎⠥⠉⠉⠑⠫⠀⠐⠕⠀⠁⠝⠕⠮⠗⠀⠥⠝⠞⠊⠇⠀⠀⠮
⠀⠛⠗⠳⠏⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠉⠳⠝⠞⠫⠀⠊⠎⠀⠑⠭⠓⠁⠥⠌⠫⠲⠀⠠⠮⠀⠇⠁⠌⠀
⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠀⠗⠑⠟⠥⠊⠗⠫⠀⠿⠀⠮⠀⠀⠉⠕⠤⠕⠗⠙⠔⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠇⠇⠫
⠀⠮⠀⠎⠥⠍⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠍⠑⠍⠃⠻⠎⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠉⠳⠝⠞⠫⠀⠛⠗⠳⠏⠲⠀⠀⠠⠎⠔⠉⠑
⠀⠮⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠻⠀⠎⠻⠊⠑⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠔⠥⠑⠎⠀⠊⠝⠙⠑⠋⠔⠊⠞⠑⠇⠽⠂⠀⠑⠀
⠛⠊⠧⠢⠀⠛⠗⠳⠏⠀⠉⠀⠃⠑⠀⠀⠉⠳⠝⠞⠫⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠝⠥⠍⠻⠁⠇⠎⠀⠓⠀⠃⠑⠢
⠀⠉⠕⠤⠕⠗⠙⠔⠁⠞⠫⠀⠾⠀⠝⠁⠍⠑⠎⠀⠵⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠵⠀⠾⠀⠎⠊⠛⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠮⠀⠿⠍⠻⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠞⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠙⠊⠋⠋⠻⠢⠞⠀
⠇⠁⠝⠛⠥⠁⠛⠑⠎⠂⠀⠮⠀⠇⠁⠞⠞⠻⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠀⠊⠝⠞⠻⠝⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠂⠀⠞⠀
⠊⠎⠂⠀⠮⠽⠀⠓⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠿⠍⠀⠔⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠇⠁⠝⠛⠥⠁⠛⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠋⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.