Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / The Critique of Pure Reason / Braille

The Critique of Pure Reason ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

1,300,497 braille cells · 1,387 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,147 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠎⠞⠀⠊⠍⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠺⠓⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀
⠙⠑⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠕⠗⠀⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠑⠗⠗⠕⠗⠂⠀⠉⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀
⠋⠁⠊⠇⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠞⠗⠁⠽⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠀⠊⠝⠀⠥⠎⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀
⠧⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠀⠋⠥⠗⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠕⠏⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠍⠁⠊⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀
⠥⠝⠁⠇⠞⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠥⠞⠥⠗⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠊⠀⠁⠍⠀⠇⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠝⠞⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠙⠑⠝⠉⠑⠂⠀
⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠀⠧⠁⠝⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠧⠊⠙⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠟⠥⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠎⠥⠇⠞⠀
⠁⠋⠋⠕⠗⠙⠎⠂⠀⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠺⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠑⠙⠂⠀⠋⠊⠗⠎⠞⠂⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠊⠍⠏⠇⠑⠎⠞⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠥⠏⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑
⠀⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠥⠗⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠝⠂⠀
⠃⠁⠉⠅⠺⠁⠗⠙⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠓⠕⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠲⠀
⠠⠺⠑⠀⠋⠊⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠑⠎⠞⠀⠁⠇⠞⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀⠁⠝⠽⠀⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠂⠀
⠇⠑⠁⠙⠎⠀⠊⠝⠑⠧⠊⠞⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠁⠙⠊⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠂⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀
⠍⠑⠗⠑⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠂⠀⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀
⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠇⠋⠲⠀⠠⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀
⠊⠎⠀⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀⠗⠕⠕⠍⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠕⠉⠞⠗⠊⠝⠑⠎⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞
⠀⠑⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠑⠝⠙⠑⠁⠧⠕⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠍⠕⠧⠑⠀
⠍⠊⠎⠁⠏⠏⠗⠑⠓⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠓⠑⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠁⠗⠞⠂⠀
⠑⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠉⠑⠏⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠆⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠇⠑⠁⠗⠀⠁⠺⠁⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.