Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / Johtavat aatteet ihmiskunnan historiassa / Braille

Johtavat aatteet ihmiskunnan historiassa ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

555,666 braille cells · 606 embossed pages at 40×25 · 22,172 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠍⠥⠔⠁⠊⠎⠤⠁⠊⠁⠝⠀⠧⠁⠇⠇⠕⠊⠞⠞⠁⠚⠁⠀⠕⠇⠊⠀⠧⠁⠇⠞⠊⠅⠅⠁⠝⠎⠁⠀
⠁⠇⠇⠑⠀⠅⠕⠄⠕⠝⠝⠥⠞⠂⠀⠎⠥⠥⠗⠑⠍⠏⠊⠀⠚⠳⠅⠅⠕⠀⠀⠍⠁⠊⠞⠁⠀⠚⠁⠀
⠅⠁⠝⠎⠕⠚⠁⠂⠀⠅⠥⠔⠀⠍⠊⠞⠀⠠⠁⠇⠑⠅⠎⠁⠝⠞⠻⠊⠀⠠⠎⠥⠥⠗⠢⠀
⠍⠕⠝⠜⠅⠊⠊⠁⠀⠚⠁⠅⠁⠍⠁⠞⠕⠝⠝⠁⠀⠀⠕⠇⠊⠀⠅⠎⠊⠞⠞⠝⠽⠞⠂⠀⠕⠇⠊⠀
⠝⠊⠔⠤⠍⠥⠕⠙⠕⠔⠀⠽⠓⠙⠊⠌⠑⠞⠞⠽⠝⠀⠽⠓⠞⠑⠊⠎⠑⠅⠎⠊⠀
⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠇⠁⠊⠎⠑⠅⠎⠊⠀⠀⠍⠁⠁⠊⠇⠍⠁⠅⠎⠊⠀⠶⠕⠗⠃⠊⠎⠀⠞⠻⠗⠜⠥⠍⠀
⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠥⠎⠶⠲⠀⠠⠅⠗⠑⠊⠅⠅⠁⠇⠁⠊⠎⠤⠠⠍⠁⠅⠫⠕⠝⠊⠁⠇⠁⠊⠎⠑⠌⠁
⠀⠀⠍⠁⠁⠊⠇⠍⠁⠌⠁⠀⠞⠕⠎⠔⠀⠭⠊⠎⠔⠀⠕⠎⠁⠀⠚⠊⠀
⠥⠇⠅⠕⠏⠥⠕⠇⠑⠇⠇⠑⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠝⠀⠧⠁⠇⠇⠁⠝⠀⠏⠊⠊⠗⠊⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠍⠥⠞⠞⠁⠀⠎⠢⠀⠎⠊⠚⠁⠁⠝⠀⠅⠁⠊⠅⠅⠊⠀⠇⠝⠎⠊⠍⠁⠁⠞⠀
⠧⠁⠇⠞⠁⠍⠻⠑⠢⠀⠁⠌⠊⠀⠚⠁⠀⠏⠕⠓⠚⠕⠊⠎⠑⠞⠀⠎⠑⠥⠙⠥⠞⠀⠀
⠠⠗⠑⠔⠊⠔⠀⠚⠁⠀⠠⠞⠕⠝⠁⠧⠁⠁⠝⠀⠎⠁⠁⠅⠅⠁⠀⠕⠇⠊⠧⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠇⠁⠊⠎⠢⠀⠧⠁⠇⠇⠕⠊⠞⠥⠅⠎⠢⠀⠅⠁⠥⠞⠞⠁⠀⠀⠎⠁⠁⠞⠑⠞⠥⠞⠀
⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠊⠁⠝⠀⠝⠅⠽⠍⠇⠇⠑⠀⠚⠁⠀⠊⠝⠓⠊⠍⠊⠇⠇⠊⠎⠢⠀
⠅⠑⠓⠊⠞⠽⠅⠎⠢⠀⠽⠓⠞⠑⠽⠞⠑⠢⠲⠀⠀⠠⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠊⠁⠇⠇⠔⠢⠀
⠝⠅⠤⠏⠊⠊⠗⠊⠀⠕⠇⠊⠀⠎⠊⠊⠎⠀⠚⠇⠇⠑⠢⠀⠍⠑⠇⠅⠕⠊⠎⠑⠌⠊⠀
⠇⠁⠧⠑⠥⠝⠞⠥⠝⠥⠞⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠚⠁⠀⠞⠍⠀⠁⠧⠜⠁⠀⠍⠁⠁⠊⠇⠍⠁⠀⠎⠢⠀
⠕⠓⠑⠎⠎⠁⠀⠁⠇⠅⠕⠊⠀⠍⠥⠕⠙⠕⠌⠥⠁⠀⠽⠓⠞⠑⠊⠎⠑⠅⠎⠊⠀⠀
⠅⠁⠝⠎⠁⠇⠇⠊⠎⠥⠥⠙⠑⠅⠎⠊⠲⠀⠠⠗⠕⠍⠁⠇⠁⠊⠎⠑⠞⠀⠊⠞⠎⠑⠀
⠕⠇⠊⠧⠁⠞⠀⠇⠥⠕⠝⠝⠕⠇⠞⠁⠁⠝⠀⠞⠁⠊⠏⠥⠧⠁⠊⠎⠊⠁⠀⠀
⠧⠁⠌⠁⠁⠝⠤⠕⠞⠞⠁⠍⠁⠁⠝⠀⠚⠕⠎⠀⠍⠊⠞⠅⠔⠀⠧⠊⠻⠁⠊⠞⠁⠀
⠁⠔⠑⠊⠞⠁⠆⠀⠞⠊⠑⠞⠽⠌⠊⠀⠎⠊⠊⠎⠀⠀⠠⠅⠗⠑⠊⠅⠅⠁⠇⠁⠊⠌⠢⠀
⠅⠕⠗⠅⠑⠁⠀⠎⠊⠧⠊⠌⠽⠎⠀⠇⠽⠎⠊⠀⠓⠑⠊⠎⠎⠀⠁⠇⠞⠞⠊⠊⠞⠁⠀
⠕⠏⠏⠊⠇⠁⠊⠞⠁⠂⠀⠀⠧⠜⠎⠔⠅⠔⠀⠅⠕⠎⠅⠁⠀⠓⠑⠊⠙⠝⠀⠚⠁⠀
⠠⠓⠑⠇⠇⠢⠊⠢⠀⠧⠇⠊⠇⠇⠀⠕⠇⠊⠀⠁⠇⠅⠥⠏⠻⠊⠌⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.