Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Philosophy / An Essay on the Principle of Population / Braille

An Essay on the Principle of Population ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

322,133 braille cells · 342 embossed pages at 40×25 · 17 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠧⠁⠗⠊⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠃⠁⠋⠋⠇⠑⠙⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠁⠧⠁⠛⠑⠀⠺⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠛⠥⠑⠎⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠽⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠕⠥⠗⠀⠋⠥⠗⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠗⠊⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀
⠛⠊⠧⠑⠝⠀⠥⠎⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠊⠝⠎⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠊⠝⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀
⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠗⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑⠀⠑⠝⠁⠃⠇⠑⠙⠀⠥⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠚⠥⠙⠛⠑⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠉⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠋⠥⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠇⠑⠁⠎⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠀⠺⠑
⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠭⠏⠑⠉⠞⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠂⠀⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀
⠝⠑⠛⠁⠞⠊⠧⠑⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠥⠎⠑⠋⠥⠇⠀⠏⠊⠑⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠊⠝⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠇⠑⠑⠏
⠀⠎⠑⠑⠍⠎⠀⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠕⠙⠽⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠝⠙⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠙⠕⠑⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠀⠓⠕⠺⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠕⠧⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠊⠝⠙⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠞⠑⠝⠙⠀
⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠇⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠎⠑⠙⠑⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠄⠉⠕⠝⠎⠏⠊⠉⠥⠕⠥⠎⠀⠊⠝⠋⠊⠗⠍⠊⠞⠽⠄⠲⠀⠠⠁⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠑⠭⠉⠊⠞⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠕⠝⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠍⠊⠝⠙⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠕
⠀⠏⠁⠎⠎⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠝⠊⠛⠓⠞⠎⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠕⠥⠞⠀⠎⠇⠑⠑⠏⠂
⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠃⠇⠽⠀⠑⠭⠓⠁⠥⠎⠞⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠧⠊⠛⠕⠥⠗⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠓⠊⠎⠀⠃⠕⠙⠽⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠙⠊⠍⠊⠝⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠑⠁⠇⠞⠓⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠝⠛⠞⠓⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠎⠕⠕⠝⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠥⠗⠃⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠕⠏⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠎⠕⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞
⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠑⠋⠋⠕⠗⠞⠎⠀⠓⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠗⠑⠁⠇⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠺⠓⠁⠞⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠎⠑⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠝⠑⠉⠑⠎⠎⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.