Skip to content

Library / Engineering & Technology / On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures / Braille

On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

633,884 braille cells · 669 embossed pages at 40×25 · 71 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠍⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠇⠊⠑⠧⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀
⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠍⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠥⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀⠺⠓⠕⠀⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠎⠞⠕⠺⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠑⠝⠟⠥⠊⠗⠊⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓
⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠉⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠑⠙⠲⠀
⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠍⠽⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠙⠑⠇⠊⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠍⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠥⠗⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠇⠑⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀
⠠⠉⠁⠍⠃⠗⠊⠙⠛⠑⠆⠀⠁⠝⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠝⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠉⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠇⠞⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠎⠥⠃⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠊⠙⠑⠗⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠊⠞⠀⠀⠓⠁⠎⠂⠀⠓⠕⠺⠑⠧⠑⠗⠂⠀⠁⠏⠏⠑⠁⠗⠑⠙⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠑⠇⠊⠍⠊⠝⠁⠗⠽⠀⠉⠓⠁⠏⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠑⠝⠉⠽⠉⠇⠕⠏⠑⠙⠊⠁⠀
⠠⠍⠑⠞⠗⠕⠏⠕⠇⠊⠞⠁⠝⠁⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠑⠙
⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠋⠋⠑⠗⠀⠁⠀⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠑⠞⠑⠀⠑⠝⠥⠍⠑⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠉⠓⠁⠝⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠗⠑⠛⠥⠇⠁⠞⠑
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠗⠞⠎⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠍⠁⠝⠥⠋⠁⠉⠞⠥⠗⠑⠎⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀
⠑⠝⠙⠑⠁⠧⠕⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠙⠑⠗⠀
⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠅⠀⠍⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠕⠎⠞⠀⠀
⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠂⠀⠑⠊⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠁⠝⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠉⠓⠊⠝⠑⠎⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠑⠝⠁⠃⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠑⠍⠕⠗⠽⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠊⠋⠽⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠗⠗⠁⠝⠛⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠀⠉⠕⠝⠝⠑⠉⠞⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠍⠑⠝⠞⠲⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.