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An Introduction to the History of Science ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

469,236 braille cells · 501 embossed pages at 40×25 · 2,097 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠋⠊⠇⠑⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠊⠇⠇⠥⠎⠞⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠎⠑⠑⠀⠼⠙⠚⠛⠚⠋⠤⠰⠓⠲⠓⠞⠍⠀
⠕⠗⠀⠼⠙⠚⠛⠚⠋⠤⠰⠓⠲⠵⠊⠏⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠶⠓⠞⠞⠏⠎⠒⠸⠌⠸⠌⠺⠺⠺⠲⠛⠥⠞⠑⠝⠃⠑⠗⠛⠲⠕⠗⠛⠸⠌⠉⠁⠉⠓⠑⠸⠌⠑⠏⠥
⠃⠸⠌⠼⠙⠚⠛⠚⠋⠸⠌⠏⠛⠼⠙⠚⠛⠚⠋⠤⠰⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠎⠲⠓⠞⠍⠇⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠕⠗⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠶⠓⠞⠞⠏⠎⠒⠸⠌⠸⠌⠺⠺⠺⠲⠛⠥⠞⠑⠝⠃⠑⠗⠛⠲⠕⠗⠛⠸⠌⠋⠊⠇⠑⠎⠸⠌⠼⠙⠚
⠛⠚⠋⠸⠌⠙⠚⠛⠚⠋⠤⠰⠓⠲⠵⠊⠏⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠍⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠏⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠁⠧⠁⠊⠇⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓
⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠞⠑⠗⠝⠑⠞⠀⠠⠁⠗⠉⠓⠊⠧⠑⠸⠌⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀
⠠⠇⠊⠃⠗⠁⠗⠊⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠎⠑⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠓⠞⠞⠏⠒⠸⠌⠸⠌⠁⠗⠉⠓⠊⠧⠑⠲⠕⠗⠛⠸⠌⠙⠑⠞⠁⠊⠇⠎⠸⠌⠊⠝⠞⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞
⠊⠕⠝⠞⠕⠓⠊⠼⠚⠚⠇⠊⠃⠃⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠗⠄⠎⠀⠝⠕⠞⠑⠒⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠑⠋⠋⠕⠗⠞⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠑⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑
⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠞⠑⠭⠞⠀⠁⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠋⠁⠊⠞⠓⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀
⠏⠕⠎⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑⠲⠀⠠⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠉⠓⠁⠝⠛⠑⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠇⠊⠎⠞⠑⠙⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠝⠙⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠑⠭⠞⠂
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⠏⠥⠉⠞⠥⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠊⠝⠙⠑⠭⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠞⠑⠭⠞⠀
⠑⠝⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠉⠕⠗⠑⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠊⠝⠀⠊⠞⠁⠇⠊⠉⠎⠀
⠶⠊⠞⠁⠇⠊⠉⠎⠶⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠉⠓⠁⠗⠁⠉⠞⠑⠗⠎⠀⠑⠝⠉⠇⠕⠎⠑⠙⠀
⠃⠽⠀⠉⠥⠗⠇⠽⠀⠃⠗⠁⠉⠑⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠉⠗⠊⠏⠞⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠶⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠒⠀⠠⠓⠼⠃⠠⠕⠶⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠙⠁⠇⠞⠕⠝⠄⠎⠀
⠎⠽⠍⠃⠕⠇⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠇⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀
⠗⠑⠏⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠞⠑⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠁⠎⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠕⠺⠎⠒⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.