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Popular scientific lectures ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

566,524 braille cells · 598 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,972 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠁⠇⠊⠅⠑⠀⠮⠀⠁⠙⠍⠊⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠷⠀⠦⠀⠁⠙⠓⠻⠢⠞⠎⠀⠯⠀⠷⠀⠦⠀
⠁⠙⠧⠻⠎⠜⠊⠑⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠎⠉⠜⠉⠑⠇⠽⠀⠹⠊⠗⠞⠽⠀⠽⠑⠜⠎⠀⠓⠀
⠑⠇⠁⠏⠎⠫⠼⠛⠁⠀⠎⠔⠉⠑⠀⠠⠙⠜⠺⠔⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠳⠝⠙⠫⠀⠮⠀
⠏⠗⠔⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠦⠀⠮⠕⠗⠽⠀⠷⠀⠑⠧⠕⠇⠥⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠽⠑⠞⠂⠀
⠁⠇⠗⠑⠁⠙⠽⠀⠺⠑⠀⠎⠑⠑⠀⠦⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠀⠋⠊⠗⠍⠇⠽⠀⠗⠕⠕⠞⠫⠀⠔⠀⠑⠀
⠃⠗⠁⠝⠡⠀⠷⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠹⠳⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠓⠪⠑⠧⠻⠀⠗⠑⠍⠕⠞⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠑⠧⠻⠽⠱⠻⠑⠂⠀⠔⠀⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠽⠂⠀⠔⠀⠏⠓⠊⠇⠕⠎⠕⠏⠓⠽⠂⠀⠑⠧⠢⠀⠔⠀
⠮⠀⠏⠓⠽⠎⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠎⠉⠊⠢⠉⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠑⠀⠓⠑⠜⠀⠮⠀⠺⠁⠞⠡⠺⠕⠗⠙⠎⠒⠀
⠓⠻⠫⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠁⠙⠁⠏⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠂⠀⠎⠑⠇⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠺⠑⠀⠎⠏⠑⠁⠅
⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠌⠗⠥⠛⠛⠇⠑⠀⠿⠀⠑⠭⠊⠌⠢⠉⠑⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠮⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠢⠇⠽⠀
⠃⠕⠙⠊⠑⠎⠀⠯⠀⠷⠀⠮⠀⠌⠗⠥⠛⠛⠇⠑⠀⠿⠀⠑⠭⠊⠌⠢⠉⠑⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠸⠺⠀⠷⠀
⠍⠕⠇⠑⠉⠥⠇⠑⠎⠲⠼⠛⠃⠀⠀⠠⠮⠀⠊⠍⠏⠑⠞⠥⠎⠀⠛⠊⠧⠢⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠠⠛⠁⠇⠊⠇⠑⠕⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠉⠊⠢⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠹⠳⠛⠓⠞⠀⠴⠀⠍⠜⠅⠫⠀⠔⠀⠑⠀
⠙⠊⠗⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠆⠀⠹⠥⠎⠂⠀⠦⠀⠏⠥⠏⠊⠇⠂⠀⠠⠃⠕⠗⠑⠇⠇⠊⠂⠀⠋⠳⠝⠙⠫
⠀⠮⠀⠎⠡⠕⠕⠇⠀⠷⠀⠑⠭⠁⠉⠞⠀⠍⠫⠊⠉⠔⠑⠂⠀⠋⠀⠱⠢⠉⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠫⠫⠀
⠑⠧⠢⠀⠙⠊⠌⠬⠥⠊⠩⠫⠀⠍⠁⠮⠍⠁⠞⠊⠉⠊⠁⠝⠎⠲⠀⠠⠯⠀⠝⠪⠀
⠠⠙⠜⠺⠔⠊⠁⠝⠀⠊⠙⠑⠁⠎⠂⠀⠔⠀⠮⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠺⠁⠽⠂⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠞⠬⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠏⠗⠕⠧⠔⠉⠑⠎⠀⠷⠀⠗⠑⠎⠑⠜⠡⠲⠀⠠⠭⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠞⠗⠥⠑⠂⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠝⠀⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠥⠏⠀⠷⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠙⠊⠌⠔⠉⠞⠀
⠏⠜⠞⠎⠂⠀⠮⠀⠊⠝⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠉⠀⠯⠀⠮⠀⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠉⠆⠀⠝⠕⠗⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀
⠘⠮⠀⠞⠺⠕⠀⠙⠊⠧⠊⠎⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠗⠑⠁⠞⠫⠀⠏⠻⠿⠉⠑⠀⠃⠽⠀
⠞⠕⠞⠁⠇⠇⠽⠀⠙⠊⠌⠔⠉⠞⠀⠍⠑⠹⠕⠙⠎⠲⠀⠠⠸⠍⠀⠎⠊⠙⠑⠎⠂⠀⠓⠪⠑⠧⠻⠂
⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠲⠀⠠⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠇⠀⠁⠀⠹⠗⠑⠁⠙⠀⠔⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠊⠝⠞⠗⠊⠉⠁⠞⠑⠀⠞⠁⠝⠛⠇⠑⠂⠀⠱⠊⠡⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀⠃⠑⠀⠋⠕⠇⠇⠪⠫⠀⠯⠀
⠞⠗⠁⠉⠫⠂⠀⠝⠪⠀⠋⠀⠹⠊⠎⠀⠏⠕⠔⠞⠂⠀⠝⠪⠀⠋⠀⠞⠲⠀⠠⠃⠀⠺⠑⠀⠍⠥⠌⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.