Library / Biology / Scientific American, Vol. XXXIX.—No. 24. [New Series.], December 14, 1878 / Braille
Scientific American, Vol. XXXIX.—No. 24. [New Series.], December 14, 1878 ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
273,988 braille cells · 288 embossed pages at 40×25 · 780 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠀⠃⠁⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠎⠥⠙⠙⠑⠝⠇⠽ ⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠙⠑⠇⠽⠀⠕⠏⠑⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠋⠑⠞⠽⠀⠧⠁⠇⠧⠑⠂⠀⠁⠞ ⠀⠁⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠓⠁⠙⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀ ⠏⠑⠗⠍⠊⠞⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠛⠑⠞⠀⠎⠕⠀⠇⠕⠺⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠓⠑⠁⠞⠀ ⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠗⠕⠺⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠥⠗⠝⠁⠉⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀ ⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠞⠀⠍⠁⠞⠞⠑⠗⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀ ⠉⠁⠗⠑⠋⠥⠇⠇⠽⠀⠝⠕⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠇⠕⠉⠕⠍⠕⠞⠊⠧⠑⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀ ⠑⠝⠛⠊⠝⠑⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀ ⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠠⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀ ⠠⠠⠑⠎⠞⠁⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀⠼⠁⠓⠙⠑⠀⠀⠠⠠⠍⠥⠝⠝⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠲⠂⠀ ⠠⠑⠙⠊⠞⠕⠗⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠏⠗⠕⠏⠗⠊⠑⠞⠕⠗⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠠⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠎⠓⠑⠙⠀ ⠠⠠⠺⠑⠑⠅⠇⠽⠀⠠⠠⠁⠞⠀⠀⠠⠠⠝⠕⠲⠀⠼⠉⠛⠀⠠⠠⠏⠁⠗⠅⠀⠠⠠⠗⠕⠺⠂⠀ ⠠⠠⠝⠑⠺⠀⠠⠠⠽⠕⠗⠅⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠠⠕⠲⠀⠠⠙⠲⠀⠠⠠⠍⠥⠝⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠁⠲⠀⠠⠑⠲⠀⠠⠠⠃⠑⠁⠉⠓⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠔⠔⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠞⠑⠗⠍⠎⠀⠠⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀ ⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀⠠⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠲⠀⠀⠀⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀ ⠉⠕⠏⠽⠂⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠽⠑⠁⠗⠂⠀⠏⠕⠎⠞⠁⠛⠑⠀⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠀⠼⠃⠚⠀⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀⠉⠕⠏⠽⠂⠀⠎⠊⠭⠀⠍⠕⠝⠞⠓⠎⠂⠀⠏⠕⠎⠞⠁⠛⠑⠀ ⠊⠝⠉⠇⠥⠙⠑⠙⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠀⠼⠋⠚⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠇⠥⠃⠎⠲⠤⠤⠠⠕⠝⠑⠀ ⠑⠭⠞⠗⠁⠀⠉⠕⠏⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠠⠎⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞⠊⠋⠊⠉⠀ ⠠⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠊⠉⠁⠝⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠃⠑⠀⠎⠥⠏⠏⠇⠊⠑⠙⠀⠛⠗⠁⠞⠊⠎⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀ ⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠉⠇⠥⠃⠀⠕⠋⠀⠋⠊⠧⠑⠀⠎⠥⠃⠎⠉⠗⠊⠃⠑⠗⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠼⠉⠲⠃⠚⠀ ⠑⠁⠉⠓⠆⠀⠁⠙⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠇⠀⠉⠕⠏⠊⠑⠎⠀⠁⠞⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀ ⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠞⠑⠀⠗⠁⠞⠑⠲⠀⠠⠏⠕⠎⠞⠁⠛⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠏⠁⠊⠙⠲⠀⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.