Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Earth / Scientific American Supplement, No. 648, June 2, 1888. / Braille

Scientific American Supplement, No. 648, June 2, 1888. ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

266,172 braille cells · 281 embossed pages at 40×25 · 444 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠍⠕⠊⠎⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠝⠑⠁⠞⠓⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠕⠋⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠝⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠞⠊⠛⠓⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠁⠗⠍⠀⠁⠊⠗⠀
⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠝⠑⠁⠞⠓⠂⠀⠓⠑⠁⠧⠊⠇⠽⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠛⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠍⠕⠊⠎⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠏⠑⠗⠍⠑⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠗⠁⠉⠅⠎⠀
⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠅⠎⠂⠀⠃⠑⠉⠕⠍⠑⠎⠀⠉⠓⠊⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠙⠑⠝⠎⠑⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠝⠑⠁⠗⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠕⠏⠂⠀⠉⠁⠗⠗⠽⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠕⠝⠀⠁⠀⠏⠗⠕⠉⠑⠎⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠇⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀
⠑⠭⠁⠍⠏⠇⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀
⠃⠑⠀⠉⠁⠗⠗⠊⠑⠙⠀⠕⠝⠂⠀⠠⠊⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠊⠝⠎⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠺⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠀⠏⠗⠑⠎⠥⠍⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀
⠺⠑⠗⠑⠀⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠛⠕⠕⠙⠀⠗⠕⠕⠋⠀⠃⠽⠀⠇⠑⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠎⠇⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠁⠊⠗⠀⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠎⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠥⠗⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠇⠁⠊⠙⠀⠃⠑⠞⠺⠑⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠕⠋⠀⠏⠇⠁⠝⠅⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠕⠏⠀⠃⠕⠁⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠊⠗⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠁⠊⠗⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠎⠀⠙⠑⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠎⠥⠋⠋⠊⠉⠊⠑⠝⠞
⠀⠍⠕⠊⠎⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠞⠕⠀⠗⠕⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠕⠁⠗⠙⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠀⠍⠊⠇⠇⠀
⠍⠁⠝⠁⠛⠑⠗⠂⠀⠺⠊⠎⠓⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠁⠀⠗⠕⠕⠋⠀⠕⠧⠑⠗⠀⠁⠀
⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠺⠁⠗⠍⠀⠗⠕⠕⠍⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑⠀⠃⠕⠞⠓⠀
⠞⠊⠛⠓⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠀⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠏⠑⠗⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠝⠕⠝⠤⠉⠕⠝⠙⠥⠉⠞⠕⠗⠂⠀
⠍⠁⠙⠑⠀⠁⠀⠗⠕⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠁⠊⠝⠊⠝⠛⠀⠁⠀⠎⠏⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠃⠕⠥⠞⠀
⠎⠊⠭⠞⠑⠑⠝⠀⠊⠝⠉⠓⠑⠎⠂⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠋⠊⠇⠇⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠎⠁⠺⠙⠥⠎⠞⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠕⠕⠋⠀⠃⠕⠁⠗⠙⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠕⠏⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠎⠀⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠞⠁⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠛⠗⠁⠧⠑⠇⠀⠊⠝
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠥⠎⠥⠁⠇⠀⠍⠁⠝⠝⠑⠗⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠁⠀⠋⠑⠺⠀⠺⠑⠑⠅⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠺⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀⠃⠑⠛⠁⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠗⠊⠏⠀⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠉⠑⠊⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.