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Nature and Culture ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

276,400 braille cells · 294 embossed pages at 40×25 · 517 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠉⠓⠑⠁⠏⠀⠑⠝⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠕⠗⠑⠎⠞⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠕⠗⠙⠑⠗⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠑⠋⠋⠑⠉⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠽⠎⠞⠑⠍⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀
⠗⠑⠉⠕⠛⠝⠊⠵⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠽⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠟⠥⠊⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠂⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠽⠕⠥⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠏⠗⠊⠝⠉⠊⠏⠇⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠇⠽
⠀⠁⠀⠚⠥⠎⠞⠀⠕⠝⠑⠂⠀⠎⠊⠝⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠽⠂⠀
⠞⠓⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠓⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠝⠕⠀⠉⠓⠊⠇⠙⠗⠑⠝⠂⠀⠊⠎⠀⠁⠎⠀⠍⠥⠉⠓⠀
⠃⠑⠝⠑⠋⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠁⠏⠏⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀
⠺⠓⠕⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠉⠓⠊⠇⠙⠗⠑⠝⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠝⠕⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠽⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠑⠉⠥⠗⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠽⠂⠀⠁⠎⠀⠺⠑⠇⠇⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠏⠑⠗⠎⠕⠝⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠞⠁⠃⠊⠇⠊⠞⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠗⠑⠏⠥⠃⠇⠊⠉⠂⠀⠍⠥⠎⠞⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠀⠙⠑⠏⠑⠝⠙⠀⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠙⠑⠛⠗⠑⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠊⠛⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠎⠑⠎⠎⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠏⠑⠕⠏⠇⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠋⠁⠉⠞⠂⠀⠑⠁⠉⠓⠀⠠⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀⠃⠑
⠀⠗⠑⠛⠁⠗⠙⠑⠙⠀⠁⠎⠀⠕⠝⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠀⠎⠉⠓⠕⠕⠇⠤⠙⠊⠎⠞⠗⠊⠉⠞⠂⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠁⠇⠇⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠗⠑⠎⠊⠙⠑⠝⠞⠀⠽⠕⠥⠞⠓⠀⠁⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠓⠊⠇⠙⠗⠑⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠠⠎⠞⠁⠞⠑⠂⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠓⠕⠎⠑⠀⠉⠕⠍⠍⠕⠝
⠀⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀⠉⠊⠞⠊⠵⠑⠝⠀⠓⠁⠧⠊⠝⠛⠀⠞⠁⠭⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠞⠽⠀⠊⠎⠀⠃⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠉⠕⠝⠞⠗⠊⠃⠥⠞⠑⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠏⠕⠗⠞⠊⠕⠝⠁⠞⠑⠀⠎⠓⠁⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠑⠧⠑⠗⠽⠀
⠉⠓⠊⠇⠙⠀⠉⠁⠝⠀⠃⠑⠀⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠑⠇⠑⠧⠁⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠉⠊⠁⠇⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠀⠞⠗⠥⠑⠀⠍⠁⠝⠓⠕⠕⠙⠆⠀
⠁⠝⠙⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠁⠽⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠁⠀⠺⠕⠗⠅⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.