Skip to content

Library / Earth / Man and Nature; Or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action / Braille

Man and Nature; Or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

1,422,322 braille cells · 1,511 embossed pages at 40×25 · 6,951 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠊⠝⠞⠑⠇⠇⠊⠛⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠑⠙⠂⠀⠕⠃⠎⠑⠗⠧⠊⠝⠛⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙
⠀⠞⠓⠊⠝⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀⠍⠑⠝⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠍⠽⠀⠏⠥⠗⠏⠕⠎⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠗⠁⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠞⠕⠀⠍⠁⠅⠑⠀⠏⠗⠁⠉⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠎⠥⠛⠛⠑⠎⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠕⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠇⠛⠑⠀⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠕⠗⠑⠞⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠎⠏⠑⠉⠥⠇⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠑⠗⠇⠽⠀⠎⠥⠊⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠁⠀
⠙⠊⠋⠋⠑⠗⠑⠝⠞⠀⠉⠇⠁⠎⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠞⠓⠕⠎⠑
⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠺⠓⠕⠍⠀⠠⠊⠀⠺⠗⠊⠞⠑⠀⠃⠑⠇⠕⠝⠛⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠛⠑⠕⠗⠛⠑⠀⠠⠏⠲⠀⠠⠠⠍⠁⠗⠎⠓⠲⠀⠀⠠⠙⠑⠉⠑⠍⠃⠑⠗⠀⠼⠁⠂⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠋⠉⠲⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠃⠊⠃⠇⠊⠕⠛⠗⠁⠏⠓⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠇⠊⠎⠞⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠝⠎⠥⠇⠞⠑⠙⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠠⠠⠏⠗⠑⠏⠁⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠠⠠⠧⠕⠇⠥⠍⠑⠲⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠍⠑⠗⠎⠋⠕⠕⠗⠙⠞⠂⠀⠠⠚⠲⠀⠠⠏⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠞⠀
⠠⠓⠁⠁⠗⠇⠑⠍⠍⠑⠗⠍⠑⠑⠗⠂⠀⠠⠕⠕⠗⠎⠏⠗⠕⠝⠛⠂⠀
⠠⠛⠑⠎⠉⠓⠊⠑⠙⠑⠝⠊⠎⠂⠀⠠⠙⠗⠕⠕⠛⠍⠁⠅⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠓⠁⠁⠗⠇⠑⠍⠂⠀
⠼⠁⠓⠑⠛⠲⠀⠼⠓⠧⠕⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠝⠙⠗⠑⠎⠑⠝⠂⠀⠠⠉⠲⠀⠠⠉⠲⠀⠠⠕⠍⠀
⠠⠅⠇⠊⠞⠋⠕⠗⠍⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠑⠝⠀⠕⠛⠀⠠⠅⠇⠊⠞⠞⠑⠝⠎⠀
⠠⠃⠑⠓⠁⠝⠙⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀⠕⠛⠀⠠⠃⠑⠎⠞⠽⠗⠑⠇⠎⠑⠲⠀
⠠⠅⠚⠕⠑⠃⠑⠝⠓⠁⠧⠝⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠋⠁⠲⠀⠼⠓⠧⠕⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠝⠝⠁⠇⠊⠀⠙⠊⠀
⠠⠁⠛⠗⠊⠉⠕⠇⠞⠥⠗⠁⠂⠀⠠⠊⠝⠙⠥⠎⠞⠗⠊⠁⠀⠑⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠗⠉⠊⠕⠲⠀
⠠⠏⠥⠃⠃⠇⠊⠉⠁⠞⠊⠀⠏⠑⠗⠀⠉⠥⠗⠁⠀⠙⠑⠇⠀⠠⠍⠊⠝⠊⠎⠞⠑⠗⠕⠀
⠙⠄⠠⠁⠛⠗⠊⠉⠕⠇⠞⠥⠗⠁⠂⠀⠠⠊⠝⠙⠥⠎⠞⠗⠊⠁⠀⠑⠀⠠⠉⠕⠍⠍⠑⠗⠉⠊⠕⠲
⠀⠠⠋⠁⠎⠉⠀⠊⠤⠧⠲⠀⠠⠞⠕⠗⠊⠝⠕⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠋⠃⠤⠄⠉⠲⠀⠼⠓⠧⠕⠲⠀⠀
⠠⠁⠗⠁⠛⠕⠂⠀⠠⠋⠲⠀⠠⠑⠭⠞⠗⠁⠉⠞⠎⠀⠋⠗⠕⠍⠂⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠠⠃⠑⠉⠟⠥⠑⠗⠑⠇⠂⠀⠠⠙⠑⠎⠀⠠⠉⠇⠊⠍⠁⠞⠎⠲⠀⠀⠠⠁⠗⠗⠊⠁⠝⠊⠂⠀
⠠⠕⠏⠑⠗⠁⠲⠀⠠⠇⠊⠏⠎⠊⠁⠑⠂⠀⠼⠁⠓⠑⠋⠲⠀⠼⠃⠀⠧⠕⠇⠎⠲⠀⠼⠁⠃⠍⠕⠲

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.