Skip to content

Library / Earth / Man and Nature; Or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action / Braille

Man and Nature; Or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

1,422,322 braille cells · 1,511 embossed pages at 40×25 · 6,951 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠏⠗⠕⠞⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠗⠕⠏⠁⠛⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠑⠎⠉⠥⠇⠑⠝⠞
⠀⠧⠑⠛⠑⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠉⠑⠗⠞⠁⠊⠝⠀⠋⠕⠺⠇⠎⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠟⠥⠁⠙⠗⠥⠏⠑⠙⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠂⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠁⠍⠑⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠂⠀⠺⠁⠗⠎⠀
⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠗⠊⠧⠁⠇⠀⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠎⠍⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠏⠗⠑⠽⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠕⠃⠚⠑⠉⠞⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠉⠁⠗⠑⠀⠕⠗⠀⠕⠃⠎⠞⠗⠥⠉⠞⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠝⠉⠗⠑⠁⠎⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠊⠗⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠲⠀⠠⠓⠑⠝⠉⠑⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠍⠁⠝⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠛⠁⠝⠊⠉⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙
⠀⠞⠑⠝⠙⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠎⠥⠃⠧⠑⠗⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠕⠗⠊⠛⠊⠝⠁⠇⠀⠃⠁⠇⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠎⠏⠑⠉⠊⠑⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠓⠊⠇⠑⠀⠊⠞⠀⠗⠑⠙⠥⠉⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑
⠀⠝⠥⠍⠃⠑⠗⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠕⠍⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠑⠧⠑⠝⠀
⠑⠭⠞⠊⠗⠏⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠞⠓⠑⠍⠀⠁⠇⠞⠕⠛⠑⠞⠓⠑⠗⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠏⠇⠊⠑⠎⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠀⠋⠕⠗⠍⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠁⠝⠊⠍⠁⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠧⠑⠛⠑⠞⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠲⠀⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠎⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀
⠁⠛⠗⠊⠉⠥⠇⠞⠥⠗⠁⠇⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠏⠁⠎⠞⠕⠗⠁⠇⠀⠊⠝⠙⠥⠎⠞⠗⠽⠀
⠊⠝⠧⠕⠇⠧⠑⠎⠀⠁⠝⠀⠑⠝⠇⠁⠗⠛⠑⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠏⠓⠑⠗⠑⠀⠕⠋
⠀⠍⠁⠝⠄⠎⠀⠙⠕⠍⠁⠊⠝⠂⠀⠃⠽⠀⠑⠝⠉⠗⠕⠁⠉⠓⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠕⠗⠑⠎⠞⠎⠀⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠕⠝⠉⠑⠀⠉⠕⠧⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠛⠗⠑⠁⠞⠑⠗⠀
⠏⠁⠗⠞⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠁⠗⠞⠓⠄⠎⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠀⠕⠞⠓⠑⠗⠺⠊⠎⠑⠀
⠁⠙⠁⠏⠞⠑⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠓⠊⠎⠀⠕⠉⠉⠥⠏⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠲⠀⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠋⠑⠇⠇⠊⠝⠛⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠕⠙⠎⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠁⠞⠞⠑⠝⠙⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀
⠍⠕⠍⠑⠝⠞⠕⠥⠎⠀⠉⠕⠝⠎⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠗⠁⠊⠝⠁⠛⠑⠀
⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠎⠕⠊⠇⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠗⠝⠁⠇⠀
⠉⠕⠝⠋⠊⠛⠥⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠋⠀⠊⠞⠎⠀⠎⠥⠗⠋⠁⠉⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠏⠗⠕⠃⠁⠃⠇⠽⠂⠀⠁⠇⠎⠕⠂⠀⠞⠕⠀⠇⠕⠉⠁⠇⠀⠉⠇⠊⠍⠁⠞⠑⠆⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠊⠍⠏⠕⠗⠞⠁⠝⠉⠑⠀⠕⠋⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠇⠊⠋⠑⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.