Skip to content

Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal and Its Makers / Braille

The Panama Canal and Its Makers ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

151,758 braille cells · 157 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,005 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠠⠃⠜⠃⠁⠉⠕⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠠⠔⠀⠮⠀⠙⠗⠽⠀⠎⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠤⠤⠇⠕⠕⠅⠬⠀⠙⠪⠝⠀
⠌⠗⠑⠁⠍⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠡⠁⠛⠗⠑⠎⠀⠠⠠⠗⠊⠧⠻⠀⠠⠠⠝⠑⠜⠀
⠠⠠⠕⠃⠊⠎⠏⠕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠠⠔⠀⠮⠀⠙⠗⠽⠀⠎⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠋⠗⠢⠡⠀
⠠⠠⠙⠗⠫⠛⠻⠀⠠⠠⠇⠁⠊⠙⠀⠠⠠⠥⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠠⠎⠑⠧⠻⠁⠇⠀⠷⠀⠘⠮⠀⠓⠀⠗⠑⠉⠢⠞⠇⠽⠀⠃⠑⠢⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀
⠔⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠁⠛⠁⠔⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠋⠗⠢⠡⠀⠠⠠⠞⠗⠥⠉⠅⠎⠀⠠⠠⠏⠜⠞⠇⠽
⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠧⠻⠫⠀⠠⠠⠾⠀⠠⠠⠿⠑⠌⠀⠠⠠⠛⠗⠪⠹⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠠⠸⠍⠀⠷⠀⠘⠮⠀⠶⠀⠥⠎⠫⠀⠁⠞⠀⠋⠊⠗⠌⠀⠃⠽⠀⠮⠀
⠠⠁⠍⠻⠊⠉⠁⠝⠎⠂⠀⠃⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠝⠪⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠗⠑⠏⠇⠁⠉⠫⠀⠃⠽⠀⠇⠜⠛⠻⠀
⠕⠝⠑⠎⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠑⠭⠉⠁⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠝⠑⠜⠀
⠠⠠⠞⠁⠧⠻⠝⠊⠇⠇⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠗⠊⠧⠻⠀⠠⠠⠡⠁⠛⠗⠑⠎⠀⠠⠠⠯⠀⠠⠠⠗⠁⠊⠇⠺⠁⠽⠀
⠠⠠⠝⠑⠜⠀⠠⠠⠛⠕⠗⠛⠕⠝⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠇⠊⠙⠛⠻⠺⠕⠕⠙⠀⠠⠠⠥⠝⠇⠕⠁⠙⠻⠂⠀⠠⠠⠺⠔⠙⠬⠀
⠠⠠⠁⠏⠏⠜⠁⠞⠥⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠁⠝⠕⠏⠓⠑⠇⠑⠎⠀⠠⠠⠃⠗⠊⠛⠁⠙⠑⠀⠠⠠⠕⠊⠇⠬⠀⠠⠁
⠀⠠⠠⠙⠊⠞⠡⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠑⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠁⠚⠚⠤⠠⠠⠞⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠺⠗⠑⠉⠅⠬⠀⠠⠠⠉⠗⠁⠝⠑⠂⠀
⠠⠠⠛⠕⠗⠛⠕⠝⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠋⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠞⠻⠊⠕⠗⠀⠠⠠⠷⠀⠠⠠⠍⠁⠡⠔⠑⠀⠠⠠⠩⠕⠏⠂⠀
⠠⠠⠛⠕⠗⠛⠕⠝⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠋⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠍⠁⠡⠔⠑⠀⠠⠠⠩⠕⠏⠎⠂⠀⠠⠠⠛⠕⠗⠛⠕⠝⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠋⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠇⠥⠃⠀⠠⠠⠓⠳⠎⠑⠀⠠⠠⠿⠀⠠⠠⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠑⠑⠎⠂⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.