Skip to content

Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal and Its Makers / Braille

The Panama Canal and Its Makers ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 2 — contracted English braille (EBAE-compatible subset). Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 1 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

151,758 braille cells · 157 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,005 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠠⠠⠉⠕⠝⠞⠢⠞⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠏⠁⠛⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠞⠗⠕⠙⠥⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠡⠁⠏⠞⠻⠀⠠⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠓⠊⠌⠕⠗⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀
⠠⠠⠗⠑⠧⠊⠑⠺⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠃⠉⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠡⠁⠏⠞⠻⠀⠠⠠⠊⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠵⠀⠠⠠⠭⠀⠠⠠⠊⠎⠀⠠⠠⠞⠕⠀⠠⠠⠃⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠙⠑⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠡⠁⠏⠞⠻⠀⠠⠠⠊⠊⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀
⠠⠠⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠞⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠝⠙⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠷⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀⠠⠠⠉⠥⠇⠑⠃⠗⠁⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠥⠞⠂⠀⠠⠠⠯⠀⠠⠠⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀⠠⠠⠍⠑⠹⠕⠙⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠠⠠⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠫⠀⠠⠠⠿⠀⠠⠠⠑⠭⠉⠁⠧⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠯⠀
⠠⠠⠙⠊⠎⠏⠕⠎⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠷⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀⠠⠠⠎⠏⠕⠊⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠛⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠡⠁⠏⠞⠻⠀⠠⠠⠊⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀⠠⠠⠍⠢⠀⠠⠠⠕⠝⠀
⠠⠠⠮⠀⠠⠠⠊⠌⠓⠍⠥⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠊⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠡⠁⠏⠞⠻⠀⠠⠧⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠓⠑⠁⠇⠹⠀⠠⠠⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠮
⠀⠠⠠⠊⠌⠓⠍⠥⠎⠀⠠⠠⠯⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀⠠⠠⠋⠥⠞⠥⠗⠑⠀⠠⠠⠷⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀
⠠⠠⠱⠊⠞⠑⠀⠠⠠⠗⠁⠉⠑⠀⠠⠠⠔⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠞⠗⠕⠏⠊⠉⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠁⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠡⠁⠏⠞⠻⠀⠠⠠⠧⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀
⠠⠠⠩⠕⠗⠞⠢⠬⠀⠠⠠⠷⠀⠠⠠⠙⠊⠌⠁⠝⠉⠑⠎⠀⠠⠠⠃⠽⠀⠠⠠⠎⠑⠁⠂⠀⠠⠠⠯⠀
⠠⠠⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀⠠⠠⠌⠑⠁⠍⠩⠊⠏⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠁⠧⠁⠊⠇⠁⠃⠇⠑⠀⠠⠠⠿⠀
⠠⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠠⠠⠞⠗⠁⠝⠎⠊⠞⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠑⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠡⠁⠏⠞⠻⠀⠠⠠⠧⠊⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠌⠀
⠠⠠⠷⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀⠠⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠛⠁⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠊⠝⠙⠑⠭⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀
⠼⠁⠛⠊⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠊⠇⠇⠥⠌⠗⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠍⠁⠅⠻⠎⠀
⠠⠠⠷⠀⠠⠠⠮⠀⠠⠠⠉⠁⠝⠁⠇⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.