Library / Engineering & Technology / The Panama Canal and Its Makers / Braille
The Panama Canal and Its Makers ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition
Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.
Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt
178,472 braille cells · 187 embossed pages at 40×25 · 1,005 unrepresentable characters omitted
⠠⠠⠞⠓⠗⠑⠑⠀⠠⠠⠇⠕⠉⠅⠎⠀⠠⠠⠁⠞⠀⠠⠠⠛⠁⠞⠥⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠃⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠠⠊⠝⠀⠋⠊⠝⠑⠤⠛⠗⠁⠊⠝⠑⠙⠀⠁⠗⠛⠊⠇⠇⠁⠉⠑⠕⠥⠎⠀ ⠎⠁⠝⠙⠎⠞⠕⠝⠑⠀⠗⠕⠉⠅⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠗⠑⠤⠠⠠⠇⠕⠉⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀ ⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠗⠁⠊⠇⠺⠁⠽⠀⠠⠠⠁⠃⠕⠧⠑⠀⠠⠠⠛⠁⠞⠥⠝⠀⠠⠠⠙⠁⠍⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀⠞⠗⠑⠎⠞⠇⠑⠀⠑⠍⠃⠁⠝⠅⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀ ⠗⠥⠝⠀⠁⠎⠀⠁⠀⠉⠁⠥⠎⠑⠺⠁⠽⠀⠁⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠀⠁⠀⠃⠁⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠀⠀ ⠇⠁⠅⠑⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠍⠕⠞⠕⠗⠀⠠⠠⠞⠗⠕⠇⠇⠑⠽⠀⠠⠠⠋⠕⠗⠀ ⠠⠠⠊⠝⠎⠏⠑⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀⠠⠠⠺⠕⠗⠅⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠚⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠃⠁⠉⠅⠛⠗⠕⠥⠝⠙⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠎⠉⠗⠑⠑⠝⠑⠙ ⠀⠓⠕⠥⠎⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠑⠍⠏⠇⠕⠽⠑⠑⠎⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠞⠗⠕⠏⠊⠉⠁⠇⠀ ⠠⠠⠋⠕⠗⠑⠎⠞⠂⠀⠠⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠠⠠⠓⠑⠁⠧⠽⠀⠠⠠⠛⠗⠕⠺⠞⠓⠀⠠⠠⠕⠋⠀ ⠠⠠⠏⠁⠗⠁⠎⠊⠞⠊⠉⠀⠠⠠⠏⠇⠁⠝⠞⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠼⠉⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠠⠚⠥⠝⠛⠇⠑⠀⠠⠠⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠠⠠⠏⠊⠏⠑⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠗⠕⠥⠛⠓⠀⠠⠠⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓ ⠀⠠⠠⠕⠊⠇⠀⠠⠠⠊⠎⠀⠠⠠⠉⠕⠝⠧⠑⠽⠑⠙⠀⠠⠠⠃⠽⠀ ⠠⠠⠛⠗⠁⠧⠊⠞⠁⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠁⠉⠗⠕⠎⠎⠀⠠⠠⠞⠓⠑⠀ ⠠⠠⠊⠎⠞⠓⠍⠥⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠉⠋⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠓⠁⠛⠗⠑⠎⠀⠠⠠⠗⠊⠧⠑⠗⠀⠠⠠⠝⠑⠁⠗⠀ ⠠⠠⠃⠁⠗⠃⠁⠉⠕⠑⠎⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠗⠽⠀⠎⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠤⠤⠇⠕⠕⠅⠊⠝⠛⠀ ⠙⠕⠺⠝⠀⠎⠞⠗⠑⠁⠍⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠉⠓⠁⠛⠗⠑⠎⠀⠠⠠⠗⠊⠧⠑⠗⠀ ⠠⠠⠝⠑⠁⠗⠀⠠⠠⠕⠃⠊⠎⠏⠕⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠙⠃⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠠⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠙⠗⠽⠀⠎⠑⠁⠎⠕⠝⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠠⠠⠋⠗⠑⠝⠉⠓⠀⠠⠠⠙⠗⠑⠙⠛⠑⠗⠀⠠⠠⠇⠁⠊⠙⠀⠠⠠⠥⠏⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠼⠙⠓⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠶⠠⠎⠑⠧⠑⠗⠁⠇⠀⠕⠋⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠀⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠗⠑⠉⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽ ⠀⠃⠑⠑⠝⠀⠏⠥⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀⠥⠎⠑⠀⠁⠛⠁⠊⠝⠶⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠠⠠⠋⠗⠑⠝⠉⠓⠀
These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.