Skip to contentSkip to Braille Studio

Library / Biology / Scientific Culture, and Other Essays / Braille

Scientific Culture, and Other Essays ⠃⠗⠋ braille edition

Grade 1 — uncontracted, letter-for-letter. Translated on this server by our own braille engine (BRF — Braille Ready Format, Library of Congress fdd000551). View Grade 2 instead.

Download .brf — Grade 2 Download .brf — Grade 1 Plain-text reader .txt

410,255 braille cells · 436 embossed pages at 40×25 · 734 unrepresentable characters omitted

⠀⠊⠍⠍⠑⠙⠊⠁⠞⠑⠀⠙⠊⠎⠞⠊⠝⠉⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠕⠗⠀⠛⠁⠊⠝⠂⠀⠊⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠎⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠕⠎⠞⠑⠗⠑⠙⠀⠃⠽⠀⠍⠥⠇⠞⠊⠞⠥⠙⠑⠎⠲⠀⠠⠃⠥⠞⠂
⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠊⠍⠀⠊⠎⠀⠇⠕⠺⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠁⠞⠞⠁⠊⠝⠍⠑⠝⠞⠀⠊⠎⠀
⠇⠕⠺⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠕⠕⠀⠍⠁⠝⠽⠀⠕⠋⠀⠕⠥⠗⠀⠎⠞⠥⠙⠑⠝⠞⠎⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀
⠎⠁⠞⠊⠎⠋⠊⠑⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠎⠥⠏⠑⠗⠋⠊⠉⠊⠁⠇⠊⠞⠽⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀⠊⠞⠀
⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠛⠇⠊⠞⠞⠑⠗⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠊⠞⠓⠀⠉⠓⠁⠗⠇⠁⠞⠁⠝⠗⠽⠂⠀⠊⠋⠀
⠊⠞⠀⠕⠝⠇⠽⠀⠃⠗⠊⠝⠛⠎⠀⠛⠕⠇⠙⠲⠀⠀⠠⠇⠑⠞⠀⠍⠑⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠑⠀
⠥⠝⠙⠑⠗⠎⠞⠕⠕⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠙⠑⠏⠗⠑⠉⠊⠁⠞⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠍⠁⠞⠑⠗⠊⠁⠇⠀
⠁⠙⠧⠁⠝⠞⠁⠛⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠇⠑⠁⠗⠝⠊⠝⠛⠲⠀⠠⠊⠀⠗⠑⠚⠕⠊⠉⠑⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀
⠊⠝⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠺⠕⠗⠇⠙⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠀⠋⠗⠑⠟⠥⠑⠝⠞⠇⠽⠀
⠽⠊⠑⠇⠙⠎⠀⠺⠑⠁⠇⠞⠓⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠋⠁⠍⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠠⠊⠀⠎⠓⠕⠥⠇⠙⠀
⠓⠁⠧⠑⠀⠇⠊⠞⠞⠇⠑⠀⠓⠕⠏⠑⠀⠋⠕⠗⠀⠓⠥⠍⠁⠝⠀⠏⠗⠕⠛⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠺⠑⠗⠑
⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠗⠊⠵⠑⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠎⠉⠓⠕⠇⠁⠗⠎⠓⠊⠏⠀⠇⠑⠎⠎⠀⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠽⠀⠁⠗⠑⠲⠀⠠⠏⠕⠺⠑⠗⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠑⠁⠇⠞⠓⠀⠁⠗⠑⠀⠝⠕⠃⠇⠑⠀
⠁⠊⠍⠎⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠺⠓⠑⠝⠀⠗⠊⠛⠓⠞⠇⠽⠀⠥⠎⠑⠙⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠃⠑⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠍⠑⠁⠝⠎⠀⠕⠋⠀⠉⠕⠝⠋⠑⠗⠗⠊⠝⠛⠀⠥⠝⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠃⠇⠑⠎⠎⠊⠝⠛⠎
⠀⠕⠝⠀⠍⠁⠝⠅⠊⠝⠙⠆⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠠⠊⠀⠙⠑⠎⠊⠗⠑⠀⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠊⠎⠀⠞⠊⠍⠑⠀
⠞⠕⠀⠊⠍⠏⠗⠑⠎⠎⠀⠥⠏⠕⠝⠀⠽⠕⠥⠂⠀⠍⠽⠀⠋⠗⠊⠑⠝⠙⠎⠂⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠋⠁⠉⠞⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠅⠝⠕⠺⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠀⠓⠁⠎⠀⠝⠕⠃⠇⠑⠗⠀⠋⠗⠥⠊⠞⠎⠀
⠞⠓⠁⠝⠀⠞⠓⠑⠎⠑⠂⠀⠁⠝⠙⠀⠞⠓⠁⠞⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠺⠕⠗⠞⠓⠀⠕⠋⠀⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀
⠅⠝⠕⠺⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠀⠊⠎⠀⠞⠕⠀⠃⠑⠀⠍⠑⠁⠎⠥⠗⠑⠙⠀⠝⠕⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀
⠉⠗⠑⠙⠊⠞⠎⠀⠊⠞⠀⠺⠊⠇⠇⠀⠁⠙⠙⠀⠞⠕⠀⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀⠁⠉⠉⠕⠥⠝⠞⠀⠊⠝⠀
⠞⠓⠑⠀⠇⠑⠙⠛⠑⠗⠂⠀⠕⠗⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠏⠕⠎⠊⠞⠊⠕⠝⠀⠊⠞⠀⠍⠁⠽⠀⠛⠊⠧⠑⠀
⠽⠕⠥⠀⠁⠍⠕⠝⠛⠀⠍⠑⠝⠂⠀⠃⠥⠞⠀⠃⠽⠀⠞⠓⠑⠀⠑⠭⠞⠑⠝⠞⠀⠞⠕⠀
⠺⠓⠊⠉⠓⠀⠊⠞⠀⠑⠙⠥⠉⠁⠞⠑⠎⠀⠽⠕⠥⠗⠀⠓⠊⠛⠓⠑⠗⠀⠝⠁⠞⠥⠗⠑⠂⠀

These are the same pages the .brf download embosses — form-feed breaks and all. BRF opens in braille software (Duxbury, BrailleBlaster), on embossers, and on refreshable displays.